The Women of Othello There are only three female characters in Othello, and each plays a critical role in Shakespeare's artfully crafted plot of jealousy and retribution. Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture, Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, Analysis of Stuart Halls Encoding/Decoding, Jacques Derrida's Structure, Sign and Play. Unlike the other Shakespeare tragedies, which follow the common ideas for Shakespearean tragedy, Othello includes some of the ideas from classical tragedies. Altho a tragic ending it may be, Othello couldn't stand being a such a fool to have believed such lies about his one and only love. Twere now to be most happy, for I fear In a mess of questions of good and evil, right and wrong, critical supporters of Iago (T.S. No products in the cart. Consider the implications of this idea. Just another site. "In Sidney's view, tragedy provokes "the affects of admiration and commiseration" and so demonstrates "the uncertainty of this world". Othello assumes that Emilia is helping Desdemona in her infidelity. The critical annotations are astute and, given their brevity, surprisingly thorough and suggestive. Othellos motivation in the play appears to be his love and concern for his wife Desdemona, which ironically, ends up being his downfall in the end. Categories: Archetypal Criticism, Literary Criticism, Literary Theory, Myth Criticism, Psychoanalysis, Tags: Achetypes, Alchemy of Discourse: An Archetypal Approach to Language, Anatomy of Criticism, Archetypal Criticism, Archetypal feminist criticism, Archetypal Patterns in Poetry, Archetypal Psychology, Archetypal Theory, Archetypal Theory and Criticism, Archetypal Theory Criticism, Claude Levi-Strauss, Ernst Cassirer, Evangelos Christou, Francis Fergusson, Frazer, Gilbert Durand, Henri Corbin, Hermes and His Children, Hillman, Imagining: A Phenomenological Study, J. G. Frazer, J. G. Frazer The Golden Bough, James Hillman, Jessie Weston, Joseph Campbell, Jung and the Humanities: Toward a Hermeneutics of Culture., Jung's Psychology of the Unconscious, Jungian Approach to Literature, Leslie Fiedler, Literary Criticism, Literary Theory, Logos of the Soul, Maud Bodkin, Myth, Myth theory and crticism, New Polytheism, Northrop Frye, Philip Wheelwright, Psychoanalysis, Rafael Lopez-Pedraza, Richard Chase, Spring Journal, Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture, Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought, The Golden Bough, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, Alchemy of Discourse: An Archetypal Approach to Language. Farewell / Commend me to my kind lord. (3.3.54) Ex. Thus, all contrastive categorization would benefit from archetypal analysis. Tis done at your request; but let her live. . In his play, he portrays Othello like a tragic hero, a type of literary character. However, the protagonist of the tragedy play only partially meets the definition of Aristotles tragic hero. At mid-century, Canadian critic Northrop Frye (1912-91) introduced new distinctions in literary criticism between myth and archetype. Between William Shakespeares most expansive and philosophical tragediesHamlet and King Learis Othello, his most constricted and heart-breaking play. Othello: I greet thy love, Thus Jungian theory provided no clear avenue of access for those outside of psychology, and orthodox Jungians were left with little in the way of models for the psychological analysis of literature. Comparing the amount written about the two plays, people find Hamlet more interesting to discuss. From the theorists, dissertations, articles, and books, often traditionally academic in orientation, appeared; the productions of the practitioners are chronicled and critiqued in van Meurss bibliography. The character of Iago is so conducted, that he is from the first scene to the last hated and despised. Nobody; I myself. In-text citation: His destruction is essentially precipitated by his own actions, as well as by the actions of the characters surrounding him. An example, is that they had to overcome a huge obstacle such as love because Othello and Desdemona were in love but her father did not approve of it. Child and Youth Care and Disability CYC 3000 Assignment: Getting to Know Disability Justice A deep dive into activists introduced by L. Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha Due Week 2, Friday at 11:59p It is important that you begin to learn about the various people and organizations that are leading the conversation on disability justice. The term 'archetype' is taken from the Greek words 'arche' (beginning) and 'typos' (imprint). OTHELLO: Iago critics. That such a man should unravel so completely, ushered by jealousy and hatred into a bestial worldview that cancels any claims of human virtue and self-less devotion, shocks and horrifies. Archetypal criticism ensures the efforts of all these concerned faculties to analyse of a text hence archetypal criticism is of immense significance. To date, the British Journal of Analytical Psychology and the retitled American Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture are the best resources for archetypal criticism of literature and the arts even though only a small percentage of their published articles treat such topics. The main ideas of Othello are jealousy and revenge. The dynamic of Othellos character significantly changes throughout the play. Othello decides the only way to right his wrong is to take his own life. These patterns and themes, often referred to as archetypes, are believed to be present in the collective unconscious of all human beings . In Act 2, Scene 1 of Othello, Iago formulates his plan to drive Othello mad. 1: 67), of the archetypes, which he described as patterns of psychic energy originating in the collective unconscious and finding their most common and most normal manifestation in dreams (8:287). The play is set in Venice and Cyprus where a Moor, Othello, General of the Venetian army gets secretly married to a Venetian noblemans daughter, Desdemona. Posted on . 1. Othello: Damn her, lewd minx! You know how looking at a math problem similar to the one you're stuck on can help you get unstuck? Archetypal critics are also interested in certain myths and rituals that recur in a wide variety of cultures. Jung and the Humanities: Toward a Hermeneutics of Culture. 364-367). Cultural criticism is exploring or examining the relationship of dominant role based on ethnicity, and sexual identity of person, also a great understanding of yourself. James Baird, Jungian Psychology in Criticism: Theoretical Problems, Literary Criticism and Psychology (ed. Mythological Criticism and Archetypes BY: TO: AYTEKIN ALIYEVA Prof. SHAHIN KHALILLI. What makes you cringe? Misled by the handkerchief, his love token to Desdemona, that Iago has planted in Cassios room and by a partially overheard conversation between Iago and Cassio, Othello, by the end of act 3, forsakes his wife and engages himself in a perverse version of the marriage ceremony of act 2 to Iago. Archetypal Criticism Volume I. Carl Jungs Contribution to Psychoanalytic Theory. Indeed, myth criticism seems singularly unaffected by any of the archetypal theorists who have remained faithful to the origins and traditions of depth, especially analytical, psychologyJames Hillman, Henri Corbin, Gilbert Durand, Rafael Lopez-Pedraza, Evangelos Christou. Thus archetype is recognized as the tendency to form and reform images in relation to certain kinds of repeated experience, which may vary in individual cultures, authors, and readers (Lauter and Rupprecht 13-14). Archetypal analysis is an appropriate model for customer heterogeneity whenever the underlying structure is best defined by the extremes. In Cinthios story, Alfiero, the scheming ensign, lusts after the Moors wife, named Disdemona, and after she spurns his advances, Alfiero seeks vengeance by accusing her of adultery with Cassio, the Moors lieutenant. Indeed, the psychological resonances of the drama, along with its provocative racial and gender themes, have caused Othello, perhaps more than any other of Shakespeares plays, to reverberate the loudest with current audiences and commentators. Check out our Privacy and Content Sharing policies for more information.). The key to extremely detrimental jealousy lies within one's ability to recognize it or deny it. A general in the army, Othello holds a distinguished place in the Duke's court due to his victories in battle, but not an equal one. William Shakespeare, born in the year 1564, is often considered to be one of the greatest, if not the greatest, writer in the English language. Thus, with the archetypal theorists multiplying across disciplines on the one hand and the clinically practicing followers serving as (generally inadequate) critics on the other, archetypal literary theory and criticism flourished in two independent streams in the 1960s and 1970s. Abstract. Consistent with his role as guardian of order in the state, Othello carries out his own execution, by analogy judging his act as a violation reflected by Venices savage enemy: And say besides, that in Aleppo once, Richer than all his tribe. So much I challenge that I may profess For more information on choosing credible sources for your paper, check out this blog post. He had even gone as far as hitting her (4.1 134). Witness that here Iago doth give up I will withdraw Categories: Drama Criticism, ELIZABEHAN POETRY AND PROSE, Literary Criticism, Literature, Tags: Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Bibliography Of William Shakespeares Othello, Character Study Of William Shakespeares Othello, Criticism Of William Shakespeares Othello, Drama Criticism, Essays Of William Shakespeares Othello, Notes Of William Shakespeares Othello, Othello, Othello Analysis, Othello Criticism, Othello Essay, Othello Feminism, Othello Notes, Othello Play, Othello PSychoanalysis, Othello Summary, Plot Of William Shakespeares Othello, Simple Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Study Guides Of William Shakespeares Othello, Summary Of William Shakespeares Othello, Synopsis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Themes Of William Shakespeares Othello, William Shakespeare, William Shakespeares Othello, Analysis of William Shakespeares Macbeth, Analysis of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Bibliography Of William Shakespeares Othello, Character Study Of William Shakespeares Othello, Criticism Of William Shakespeares Othello, Simple Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Study Guides Of William Shakespeares Othello, Synopsis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Analysis of Stuart Halls Encoding/Decoding, Jacques Derrida's Structure, Sign and Play. Another important influence was Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) who used the term archetype to what he called "primordial images". Here are some ways our essay examples library can help you with your assignment: Read our Academic Honor Code for more information on how to use (and how not to use) our library. Both Desdemona and Othello defy by their words and gestures the calumnies heaped upon them by Roderigo and Brabantio and vindicate the imperatives of the heart over parental authority and custom. Using an archetypal literary criticism, Harry Potter can be analyzed by focusing on different archetypes, such as, symbols, images, and character types in the text. Archetypal theory and criticism, although often used synonymously with Myth theory and crticism, has a distinct history and process. The play imitates life through basic human emotions such as jealousy and rage. "Who can control his fate?" Shakespeare on the other hand has portrayed women as both object and subject. The play moves relentlessly from here to catastrophe as Othello delivers justice to those he is convinced have wronged him. (V.2.316, 323) It is beyond a doubt Othello's fault that all of this wreckage befalls him, and his still has not had a moment of recognition of his failures at reasoning and understanding. Desdemona senses a change in Othello and she has a feeling that she will die soon due to the hands of Othello. Succeeds in unknown fate. I do perceive here a divided duty: As the play progresses, and Iagos plan culminates, Othellos good fortune begins to turn. They were built to defen the city of Nicosia during the Otto-man Venetian war. Their discourse is conducted in poetic language; that is, their notions of soul-making come from the Romantics, especially William Blake and John Keats. Aristotle believed that the plot is the most important element in a play and that plot also clearly points out the problem of any characters to be solved. (2023). Often in our society people are labelled as, or fit into a, certain character mould and their behaviour and actions remain consistent. Nothing extenuate, They're not intended to be submitted as your own work, so we don't waste time removing every error. After the. Othello relies easily on Iago to believe without being thought deeply. Kibin. Moreover, Shakespeare, by deliberately clouding the issue of Iagos motive, finds ever more sinister threats in such a characters apparently bottomless and unmerited hatred and capacity for evil. An archetypal critic would suggest that all human experience is linked through literature and that this experience is expressed again and again using the same patterns throughout time and space. She stayed loyal to her lover throughout the entire play and in the end it did her no good. The first systematic application of Jungs ideas to literature was made in 1934 by Maud Bodkin in Archetypal Patterns in Poetry: An attempt is here made to bring psychological analysis and reflection to bear upon the imaginative experience communicated by great poetry, and to examine those forms or patterns in which the universal forces of our nature there find objectification (vii). norwegian cruise line dining menus archetypal criticism in othello. The three fundamental qualities of an archetype are: An archetype is a preconscious, instinctual expression of man's basic nature. Herbert Read, Michael Fordham, and Gerhard Adler, 20 vois., 1953-79), Letters (trans. R. F. C. Hull, 2 vois., 1973-75). Commend me to my kind lord. In Othello, the plot meets the definition of both Aristotle and Shakespeare on a tragedy. When Othello cant dismiss his suspicions of his wife being unfaithful any longer he starts to lose his morality . Desperate to cling to the security of his former identity as a soldier while his current identity as a lover crumbles, Othello begins to confuse the one with the other. Patterns originate from the writer's . The Fables of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology is a critical work published in 1963. Analysis. The archetypal characteris a simple character template recognizable to all readers. Iago will direct the remainder of the play, constructing Othellos down-fall out of the flimsiest evidence and playing on the strengths and weaknesses of Othellos nature and the doubts that erode Othellos faith in Desdemona. Shakespeare derived his plot from Giraldi Cinthios Tale of the Moor, in the story collection Hecatommithi (1565), reshaping Cinthios sensational tale of jealousy, intrigue, and murder in several key ways. He has promoted Cassio to lieutenant while leaving Iago as ensign. Even French feminist Julia Kristeva has been brought to praise a Jungian contribution to feminist discourse on the maternal: recognition that the Catholic churchs change of signification in the assumption of the Virgin Mary to include her human body represented a major shift in attitude toward female corporaiity (113). BASIC PREMISES OF ARCHETYPAL THEORY: 1. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX, ("An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare. Further, Jung termed his own theory analytical psychology, as it is still known especially in Europe, but Jungian thought is more commonly referred to today in all disciplines as archetypal psychology.. To learn more, read our. In the essay Frye critically analyses literature against the backdrop of rituals and myths. Archetypal criticism focuses on such things in a work. In archetypal criticism, under the reductive method of analysis, a critic, while elucidating a text, moves from the particular truth to the general truth. Othello as a character of noble blood seems to conform to all these. edmonton oilers jokes archetypal criticism in othello archetypal criticism in othello. She is not as strong-willed like the other ladies and is Shakespeares example of the archetype of the innocence and has the bases of a flat character. Of all Shakespeares tragedies . Othello is decisive, confident, and secure in his identity, duty, and place in the world. For Cassirer, reason alone cannot lead to truth, but mythical thinking which focuses on immediate experience is essential. Speak of me as I am. Northrop Frye has been the most influential of those critics who have argued that archetypal patterns underlie the modes, plots and genres of literary works. "), "An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare." Essays may be lightly modified for readability or to protect the anonymity of contributors, but we do not edit essay examples prior to publication. Due to the Moor, my lord. Uncover new sources by reviewing other students' references and bibliographies, Inspire new perspectives and arguments (or counterarguments) to address in your own essay. As Othello came to his breaking point, desdemona foreshadows her own death and he lets jealousy take over. However, for Othello this is not the case. The next significant development in archetypal theory that affected literary studies grew out of the effort made by U.S.-born, Zurich-trained analyst James Hillman (b. Iago tries to prove Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio which increases Othello's torments of jealousy. While adding to the tone of the story it also adds to the characters overall personality from the reader's perspective. May the wind blow till they have wakened death,