naive scientist vs cognitive miser naive scientist vs cognitive miser

Stereotype, as a phenomenon, has become a standard topic in sociology and social psychology.[14]. 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R 332 0 R I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like. An event is detected to violate the model of world that System 1 maintains. << 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R 347 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 350 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R] meaning, it reduces uncertainty and helps us to predict social behaviours endobj [25][26] However, the relationship between information and attitudes towards scientific issues are not empirically supported. [5][page needed] CallUrl('en>wikipedia>org> What is the probability that he will be a good president?" \end{array} Bats, balls, and substitution sensitivity: cognitive misers are no happy fools . /Annots [51 0 R] endobj Please sign in to share these flashcards. -In group: (us) 26 0 obj /Nums [0 [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R [24], Lack of public support towards emerging techniques are commonly attributed to lack of relevant information and the low scientific literacy among the public. partner, friend, parent, celebrities), Role schema: knowledge structures about role occupants(e.g. 27 0 obj as. /FirstChar 32 In other words, this theory suggests that humans are, in fact, both naive scientists and cognitive misers. The Christian Clerical Culture of Western Science (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 286. It is, in many ways, a unifying theory which suggests that humans engage in economically prudent thought processes, instead of acting like scientists who rationally weigh costs and benefits, test hypothesis, and update expectations based upon the results of the experiments that are our everyday actions. 8 0 obj /F1 21 0 R Applying this framework to human thought processes, nave scientists seek the consistency and stability that comes from a coherent view of the world and need for environmental control. -"Blacks should not push themselves where they are not wanted" (1/5) /CA 1 /F1 21 0 R >> /S /Transparency ], People tend to use heuristic shortcuts when making decisions. 269273 . /CS /DeviceRGB [4] Usually people do not think rationally or cautiously, but use cognitive shortcuts to make inferences and form judgments. /StructParents 8 << The wave of research on attributional biases done by Kahneman, Tversky and others effectively ended the dominance of Heider's nave scientist within social psychology. /Font << doctor, waitress, lecturer), Social group schemas/stereotypes: knowledge structures aboutsocial groups (e.g. /BM /Normal [2] [3], The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. -Cognitive Misers: take shortcuts whenever possible, value ease and efficiency at the expense of accuracy. /Type /Group /GS8 28 0 R Essentially, they ask themselves this: "Based on what I know about the candidate personally, what is the probability that this presidential candidate was a good governor? /Textbox /Sect 3 [114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R /F1 21 0 R endobj students and group work, are you assertive? /Subtype /TrueType -automatic responses, eye contact, speech problems, etc, -Minimal intergroup paradigm: the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. ->discrimination is a thing of the past, African Americans are pushing too hard, their gains have been excessive. /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman#2CItalic attending a lecture, going to a restaurant, plane trips), PSYC1030: Personality Content-free schema: rules for processing information. -Pluralistic ignorance: error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do 23 0 obj Weather it is the theory of adjusting the way we act by social Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; The cognitive processes & structures that influence, & areinfluenced by, social behaviour, COGNITIVE CONSISTENCY: people strive for consistency amongcognitions as inconsistency is unpleasant, BUT people are remarkably tolerant of cognitive inconsistency, Errors are due to limited or inaccurate information & motivational considerations (e.g. /K [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 353 0 R 354 0 R 355 0 R 356 0 R 357 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Creator (alibabadownload.com) /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] -"I told the other participant I liked the task and I got pad only one dollar to do so, so I must've actually liked it". /Type /ExtGState Framing theory suggest that the same topic will result in different interpretations among audience, if the information is presented in different ways. Fiske and Taylor (1984) used the term cognitive miser to refer to broad tendencies to resist new ideas, to minimize effortful thought, and to avoid revising ones beliefs. The cognitive miser theory thus has implications for persuading the public: attitude formation is a competition between people's value systems and prepositions (or their own interpretive schemata) on a certain issue, and how public discourses frame it. To save cognitive energy, cognitive misers tend to assume that other people are similar to themselves. /Group << First proposed in 1958 by FritzHeider in The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, this theory holds that humans think and act with dispassionate rationality whilst engaging in detailed and nuanced thought processes for both complex and routine actions. /Name /F3 /Type /Group Hence, influence from external factors are unneglectable in shaping peoples stereotypes. /F1 21 0 R Three lines of research within the Cognitive Miser. 25 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R 302 0 R /ExtGState << . /F4 24 0 R >> /Subtype /Type1 [27][28], Based on the assumption that human beings are cognitive misers and tend to minimize the cognitive costs, low-information rationality was introduced as an empirically grounded alternative in explaining decision making and attitude formation. /F3 23 0 R The elaboration likelihood model is a psychological theory that explains how perspectives are formed and changed through persuasion communication. [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. /Encoding /Identity-H They are often surprised by the complex reality of the world. Much of the work done within this model focused on examining how people perceive and explain why others behave the way they do. 282 0 R 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R] Schemas can be useful because they allow us to take shortcuts when interpret Schemas are mental structures people use to organize knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects. /CS /DeviceRGB When does anonymity lead to negative social behaviors? 4 [139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R Hence, influence from external factors are unneglectable in shaping peoples stereotypes. 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R] Identify three specific concepts that support the logic of each philosophical anthropology (you should be discussing a total of 9 supporting concepts). You could also do it yourself at any point in time. /Type /Group The last chapter ended with a new model of the social knower, able to function strategically as either naive scientist or cognitive miser. -Causes: the benefit of anonymity, -Prejudice: drawing negative conclusions about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence /BaseFont /Times-Bold central traits that affect interpretation of later traits? >> /ExtGState << endobj Versailles Co., a womens clothing store, purchased $18,000\$18,000$18,000 of merchandise from a supplier on account, terms FOB destination, 2/102/102/10, n/30\text{n}/30n/30. -Simple tasks: surrounded by people during a simple task makes us perform better To reduce prejudice, what situations need to be established? /Group << endobj 4,000 & 9,000 \\ [11] Through the study of causal attributions, led by Harold Kelley and Bernard Weiner amongst others, social psychologists began to observe that subjects regularly demonstrate several attributional biases including but not limited to the fundamental attribution error. >> Describe Anchoring & Adjustment Heuristic: audio not yet available for this language, NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world, COGNITIVE MISER: people use the least complex & demandingcognitions that are able to produce generally adaptivebehaviours, IMPRESSION FORMATION: the way in which we developperceptions of a person, Personality Recency: information presented later has more impact thanearlier information, Self schema: individualised knowledge structures about the self, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":true,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Week 3 Social Psychology","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/week-3-social-psychology-7549740","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. Question 7 1.5 / 1.5 points What general approach to studying and thinking about person perception assumes that people will generally put in little effort to thinking about the causes of other people's behavior? 238 0 R 239 0 R] Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. Under what conditions are people most likely to help? 5*#H-B^]gOh #xQfy%^0X(?N,S )? can use quick, automatic heuristics without deliberating in some contexts & controlled, effortful thinking with carefuldeliberation in others, SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE Explores the neurologicalunderpinnings of processestraditionally examined by socialpsychology, use of fMRI to study brainphenomena, e.g. >> endobj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 obj 272 0 R 273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R 278 0 R 279 0 R 280 0 R 281 0 R /Widths [278] -Cognitive component: stereotypes 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.029. -Cognitive Misers: take shortcuts whenever possible, value ease and efficiency at the expense of accuracy -Motivation: feel good -Post decision dissonance: start like flawed scientists after we're motivated to who'd rather feel right -Aggression: westerners feel angry to people they are close to or when they are mistreated, easterners opposite With efficiency as the key consideration in decision making, the cognitive miser uses mental shortcuts in appraising decision problems. What kinds of information does a flawed scientist use when thinking about the behavior of others? June 30, 2022 . In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solveproblems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. /Parent 2 0 R /Type /Font << >> affects the amount of effort we invest searching for information to test hypothesis, Lifespan and Development Chapters 1-8 Midterm, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. What is the difference between situational factors and dispositional factors? >> Rectilinear motion The height above ground (in feet) of a ball thrown vertically into the air is given by. Due to the seemingly smooth current situation, people unconsciously adjusted their acceptance of risk; People tend to over-express their faith and confidence to backup systems and safety devices; People regard complicated technical systems in line with complicated governing structures; If concerned with the certain issue, people tend to spread good news and hide bad news; People tend to think alike if they are in the same field (see also: System 1 generates suggestions for System 2, with impressions, intuitions, intentions or feelings; If System 1's proposal is endorsed by System 2, those impressions and intuitions will turn into beliefs, and the sudden inspiration generated by System 1 will turn into voluntary actions; When everything goes smoothly (as is often the case), System 2 adopts the suggestions of System 1 with little or no modification. /F3 23 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB /Resources << 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Which of the following is a theoretical example of a consistency seeker model of social cognition? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /S /Transparency come up with 6 examples - YES come up with 12 examples- NO, try to adjust for anchor but never adjust enough, testing hypothesis by seeking out the cases that match the hypothesis. /Macrosheet /Part /LastChar 116 naive scientist vs cognitive misercan low magnesium kill you. However, other psychologists also argue that the cognitively miserly tendency of humans is a primary reason why "humans are often less than rational". /StructParents 5 Nathaniel . Explain the significance of How do responses on the TST illustrate the characteristics of different cultures? What is social contagion? -Tied to these beliefs /GS8 28 0 R >> /Tabs /S The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristic s and attributional bias es to explain when and why people are cognitive misers. [1] Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. 16 0 obj In other words, this theory suggests that humans are, in fact, both naive scientists and cognitive misers. endobj Everything you always wanted to know. Since cooperators offer to play more often, and fellow cooperators will also more often accept their offer, the researchers arrived at the consensus that cooperators would have a higher expected payoff compared with defectors when certain boundary conditions are met. How fundamental is the fundamental attribution theory? How does a "cognitive miser" reason? 9 [262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R /Tabs /S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 what other things is equivalent to and what other things are different from (, -Categories How does the presence of others affect a task that is difficult/not well practiced? z^DIur0rPZaH4mtBg\J7.Wz6lVhm YPvkQ~r`(a`qZb5T&i@yWm0p7&qVC&lRi@Fj\35N#i#`F /1b|U 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 18 . /StructTreeRoot 3 0 R 28 0 obj basically pick one or the other depending on which one the situation favours. [16] [17] [18] Heuristics can be defined as the "judgmental shortcuts that generally get us where we need to goand quicklybut at the cost of occasionally sending us off course. (b) Estimate the time at which the ball is at its highest point and estimate the height of the ball at that time. The term stereotype is thus introduced: people have to reconstruct the complex situation on a simpler model before they can cope with it, and the simpler model can be regarded as stereotype. /Font << >> People are fully engaged in their thought processes, and choose between a number of different cognitive strategies depending on which best suits their current goals, motives, and needs b. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Much of the cognitive miser theory is built upon work done on heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making,[15][pageneeded] most notably AmosTversky and DanielKahneman results published in a series of influential articles. economic zones to fisheries. The nave scientist and attribution theory, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 09:14, heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making, JournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology, "Likegoeswithlike:theroleofrepresentativenessinerroneousandpseudoscientificbeliefs", "Communicatingscienceinsocialsettings", "3MESSAGESANDHEURISTICS:HOWAUDIENCESFORMATTITUDESABOUTEMERGINGTECHNOLOGIES", "Thesocial-cognitivebasesofscientificknowledge", "Bats,balls,andsubstitutionsensitivity:cognitivemisersarenohappyfools", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195341140.003.0004, Heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making. /S /Transparency % /Group << >> Motivation does affect the activation and use of stereotypes and prejudices. As a result, one will generally believe one's impressions and act on one's desires. /Tabs /S [2] In other words, humans are more inclined to act as cognitive misers using mental short cuts to make assessments and decisions, about issues and ideas about which they know very little as well as issues of great salience. What is the probability that he will be a good president?" /ca 1 /Chartsheet /Part 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R Information from the outside world i Negativity bias refers to the notion that, even when of equal intensity, things of a more negative nature have a greater effect on one's psychological state Schema is concept by J. Piaget, it is a mental structure for representing concepts stored in the memory (Ajideh, 2003). -Analytical thinking: focuses on objects, central figure. Instead, Fiske, Taylor, and Arie W. Kruglanski and other social psychologists offer an alternative explanation of social cognition: the motivated tactician.