This June, following national protests about race and policing, the band dropped the Antebellum and shortened its name to Lady A, citing regret about failing to consider the associations that weigh down this word referring to the period of history before the Civil War, which includes slavery.. The group is composed of Hillary Scott (lead and background vocals), Charles Kelley (lead and background vocals, guitar), and Dave Haywood (background vocals, guitar, piano, mandolin). But beyond the legal framework are symbolic questions that make the band look terrible. The trio is composed of Charles Kelley (lead and background vocals), Dave Haywood (background vocals, guitar, piano, mandolin) and Hillary Scott (lead and background vocals). GettyHillary Scott has two tattoos, both on her right side. pic.twitter.com/doOHGhzHkw, Hillary Scott (@HillaryScottLA) February 5, 2018. , A post shared by Hillary Scott (@hillaryscottla) on Sep 25, 2019 at 7:23pm PDT, Scott gave birth to her daughter Eisele Kaye in 2013. He played some Lady A songs, but his tour focused on his solo material. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The band has not sued for money, and merely seeks a ruling that affirms the validity of the trademark. Hopefully that will be a good thing".[19]. She is the co-lead singer of Lady A, previously known as Lady Antebellum, a country music group that was formed in 2006, and is signed to Big Machine Records. If so, hauling a 61-year-old Black public servant into federal court is a rather curious way to go about that. Enjoying what life has to offer. [29] "Bartender" became the group's ninth number 1 hit on the Country Airplay charts in 2014, with "Freestyle" as the second single. Along these lines, it is incredibly hard to feel compassion for a group of White Southerners who voluntarily chose to profit off of (then claim ignorance about) a term that an 11th-grade history student would know is tied to slavery in the United States. "We are excited to share we are moving forward with positive solutions and common ground. [18], The week of January 9, 2011, the group began recording the third studio album. It is a special number to me. We are deeply sorry for the hurt this has caused and for anyone who has felt unsafe, unseen or unvalued. According toThe Boot,singer Charles Kelley and his wife Cassie McConnell began dating at the time that she was a publicist for Kelley's older brother, Josh Kelley, who is also a popular country music singer. Country music group Lady Antebellum might need to get a bigger tour bus. For Lady Antebellum, this moment came with its second studio album Need You Now and its lead single, the title track. And this isn't just a casual day on the links, because the singer is quite an excellent player. No, Lady Antebellum isn't another name for the band's lead singer, Hillary Scott. And it wasn't only pearly whites in the Haywood household in fact, the family sounded like a ready-made band. 1984 Bruce Springsteen released his album Born In The USA. The band abbreviated the name to "Lady A" in June 2020 during the George Floyd protests in an attempt to blunt the name's associations with slavery and the Antebellum South, inadvertently causing a dispute with black blues and gospel singer Anita White, who had been using the name Lady A for more than 20 years. The lawsuit exposes the emptiness of their gesture. The album was returned to the streaming within a week of Lewis becoming aware of the situation. On a night out on the town in Nashville, Scott, then an aspiring musician, recognized Kelley from his Myspace page. Nevertheless, the negotiations ultimately fell through when Lady A demanded a $10 million payment for the names use, per Lady Antebellum. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. [51], On July 8, 2020, the band filed a lawsuit against White, asking a Nashville court to affirm its longstanding trademark of the name. "Lady Antebellum's use of the LADY A mark has injured and will continue to injure Ms. White by causing the public to be confused or mistaken into believing that Ms. White's music originates . [14] This song is the first single from Bryan's second studio album "Doin' My Thing", which was released on October 6, 2009. On Thursday, the band announced on social media it would . Apparently Scott is married to none other than the bands sometime-drummer, Chris Tyrrell. At the 2010 CMAs, the group became the first artist in CMA Award history to receive the Single of the Year honor for two consecutive years. White told USA TODAY that the band reached out to her to have "open and honest conversations"and Scott apologized. CBS News detailed the pair's music collaborations even further, explaining how Kelley and Haywood both ditched their post-University of Georgia real world gigs (construction and accounting, respectively) for a shot at stardom in Music City. What are some of your earliest childhood memories? The hurt is turning into hope. Released on April 15, 2008, Lady Antebellum was produced by Paul Worley along with Victoria Shaw, a Nashville songwriter and former solo artist. The song became their second Number 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in November 2009 and stayed on top for five weeks. In an interview for The Boot, he admitted, "I've definitely had a little bit of a come-to-Jesus with my wife and the band about controlling my drinking." The mere fact that you can sue to vindicate a legal right doesnt necessarily mean that you ought to. ", "Seattle singer Lady A and former Lady Antebellum band end lawsuits", "Lady A Band and Singer Settle Lawsuit Over Shared Name", "Miranda Lambert Causes a Revolution by Winning Three at "The 44th Annual CMA Awards", Lady Antebellum bags Song of the Year trophy at 2011 Grammys, "Academy Of Country Music Awards 2012 Winners List", "Meet eight military families treated to private Lady A concerts", "Lady A Recruits Carly Pearce for 2021 What a Song Can Do Tour", American Music Award for Favorite Country Band/Duo/Group, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady_A&oldid=1142889742, Name changes due to the George Floyd protests, Articles with dead external links from October 2010, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 21:57. [62] It won Top Vocal Group at the 2012 ACM Awards April 1, 2012. By Mark Savage. "Were proud to say that Charles has embarked on a journey to sobriety. The song also reached No. Before Lady Antebellum turned into a country music juggernaut, the band was just another act among many in Nashville, Tenn. Do you have a favorite song by "Lady A?" Dear Fans, As a band, we have strived for our music to be a refugeinclusive of all. Conversely, the effect of costly litigation on White the kind of Black performer the country ought to be trying to elevate now could be profound. Hillary Scott is the co-lead singer of the country music group Lady A, recently renamed from Lady Antebellum. Hillary has never been a side person. The quietest member of Lady Antebellum, Dave Haywood, had quite the unique childhood. In December 2008, the rendition of "Baby, It's Cold Outside" peaked at No. "Ms. White's Lady A brand had been usurped and set on the path to erasure.". On October 1, 2011, the group performed as the musical guests on Saturday Night Live. [41], The band members have always said that the band's name was chosen arbitrarily, complaining about the difficulty of choosing a name. The band again admitted ignorance of any prior use, which White called "pure privilege". It also topped the Billboard Hot Country Songs, making it the band's fifth number-one single on the chart. Now, blindspots we didnt even know existed have been revealed. After much personal reflection, band discussion, prayer and many honest conversations with some of our closest Black friends and colleagues, we have decided to drop the word antebellum from our name and move forward as Lady A, the nickname our fans gave us almost from the start. When we set out together almost 14 years ago, we named our band after the southern antebellum style home where we took our first photos. Kelley invited Scott to join him and Haywood in the new group, which assumed the name Lady Antebellum. Kelley played competitively in junior leagues, and as he humbly put it, "I was a pretty good golfer." Would love your thoughts, please comment. Do you know this baby? At the time of the filing of the lawsuit, the bands Spotify page had over 7 million monthly listeners. Anita White, who also goes by the same name. Ironically, in the year 2020, it has also been 14 years since the band was formed in 2006. Lady Antebellum's on-tour drummer is Chris Tyrrell, but the family connection isn't immediately apparent Tyrell is Hillary Scott's husband. The couple married January 7, 2012 in New York. As reported by Yahoo! Web. Finance, Lady Antebellum was worth a collective $41 million in 2019. The band now finds itself in a complicated situation of its own making. A post shared by Hillary Scott (@hillaryscottla) on Jun 11, 2020 at 8:40am PDT. For the group's debut album, see. "GOODWORKS." The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Julian Wasser. 1942 The Battle of Midway began during World War II. In 2018, Lady Antebellum played its first show as a band at the historic Red Rocks Amphitheater, and the gig served as a poignant contrast for singer Charles Kelley. Formed 2006 Origin Charles Kelley performing in Last Vegas in March 2022. Hillary ScottVocals 1919 The 19th Amendment, giving women the righ to vote, was added to the US Constitution. Neither was available to comment at the time of writing. She doesnt know how it is, so we tell her. October 2, 2014. More to come. However, their lives are about to get even more complicated: Two members are . In 2013, Lady A recognized eight deserving military families for their service by inviting them to up close and personal concerts, and acknowledging them from the stage. Scott admitted that she liked his music, so Kelley suggested the two write together, and the rest, as they say, is history. Davis and her husband (who played in McEntire's band) brought their daughter along to support McEntire's tour but little did she know the profound effect it would have. Detailing her struggle after enduring a miscarriage toGood Morning America, Scott said it fundamentally changed her as a mother, and made her want recognize some of the untold pain of the experience that so many women endure. Last summer, the members decided to shorten their Civil War-associated name to Lady A . Last week, they sued Anita White, a Black blues artist who has gone by the name Lady A for more than 20 years, seeking to enforce a trademark they have had for the name since 2011. On September 20, 2019, the title track was released. 2023 BBC. During the break, Kelley will be working on his solo career. After much personal reflection, band discussion, prayer and many honest conversations with some of our closest Black friends and colleagues, we have decided to drop the word antebellum from our name and move forward as Lady A, the nickname our fans gave us almost from the start, the singers shared on Instagram at the time. Lady Antebellum even taps the venue for notably important events, like the October 2019special album preview party held for Ocean, the group's eight studio album. Lady A (formerly Lady Antebellum[1]) is an American country music group formed in Nashville, Tennessee, in 2006. On October 28, 2010, they performed the National Anthem before Game 2 at the 2010 World Series. Its #nationaldaughtersday and I couldnt be more thankful to be these little ladies Mama! We will continue to educate ourselves, have hard conversations and search the parts of our hearts that need pruningto grow into better humans, better neighbors. It also helps that he grew up in Augusta, Ga. home of the most prestigious golf tournament in the world, the Masters. She turned her heartbreak into music by releasing an album of hymns called, Love Remains. The record company took a chance, encouraged the band fine tune the song, and good golly did the results pay off. [1] The band members stated on social media that, never having previously sought the dictionary definition of the word "antebellum", they now consulted their "closest black friends and colleagues" so that their "eyes opened wide to the injustices, inequality and biases black women and men have always faced and continue to face every day. At the 2019 Country Music Association Awards on Nov. 13, the entire Lady Antebellum group and their respective spouses showed up serving serious designer looks. Country music lyrics are often about celebrating the good life and the parties that go along with it. I wish we had a great resounding story to remember for the name, but it stuck ever since. Lady Antebellum released their fourth single "Need You Now" in August 2009 which is the title track of their second album Need You Now. Scott suffered a miscarriage at nine months pregnant; she found out one week after performing in front of 12,000 people, the Tennesseean reported. Scott and Tyrell met in college before they met again during the opening act for Tim McGraw in 2010. She said in the midst of dealing with the miscarriage, "It was at my most raw place that I could have ever been when this song truly poured out of me." Haywood further explained that the trio "had a lady in the group, obviously, and threw Lady in the front of it for no reason." It was a commercial and critical success, debuting and peaking at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it the band's highest debut on the chart. So, while Lady Antebellum is taking a break, you're going to be doing a solo album and tour. It won five awards at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards, including Song of the Year and Record of the Year for "Need You Now". Trio formerly known as Lady Antebellum who won five Grammy Awards at the 2011 ceremony. #LadyABluesSoulFunkGospelArtist #TheTruthIsLoud @ladya_bluesdiva @dexter_allen_entertainment @oliveriiijohn, A post shared by Lady A (@ladya) on Jun 15, 2020 at 4:00pm PDT. Our prayer is that if we lead by examplewith humility, love, empathy and actionwe can be better allies to those suffering from spoken and unspoken injustices, while influencing our children & generations to come. It was their first single since "Lookin' For a Good Time" to miss the top 10. Scott spoke to CBS News about her childhood memories on the road as part of the country music scene. In choosing. Soon after, Lady Antebellumposted a touching video tribute to their friend and producer on Instagram. She told the Tennesseean that she couldnt cancel the appointments: I was like, Im not going to cancel these. The elder Haywood's dental claim to fame is that he invented the overnight teeth-whitening method in the 1980s. what illness did ann wedgeworth have kenmore dryer loc code what happened to bellator kickboxing ole miss softball roster police incident west bridgford "Transparent, honest, and authentic conversations were had," read the post, also shared by White. Lady Antebellum is a country group formed in Nashville, Tennessee in 2006. (C) 2014 Capitol Records Nashville Best. The views expressed here are the authors. Kerri Rawson, the Daughter of Serial Killer BTK: 5 Fast Facts You Need To Know, Hillary Scott, the Leading Lady of Lady A.: 5 Fast Facts You Need To Know, Please review our privacy policy here: https://heavy.com/privacy-policy/, Copyright 2023 Heavy, Inc. All rights reserved. Lady A (formerly known as Lady Antebellum) is an American country music group formed in Nashville, Tennessee, in 2006. The 44-year-old singer, who has toured with the group and has written music . It's true that12 years after the band's first gigs in Music City, and even after world tours and all the fame, it still rocks out at3rd & Lindsley. [20] The album cover and track listing was released on July 18, 2011. As he recounted to Rare, "We'd be drinking and playing ping pong for four hours before every show. [40] On March 12, the band released the single "Like a Lady" and on October 22, their ninth studio album What a Song Can Do was released. What does Mr Grierson represent in A Rose for Emily? Lady A fans will have to wait a little bit longer to see their favorite country band on tour since 2022 tour dates are now postponed until next year. If it mattered, it would have mattered to them before. Trivia The hit song "Need You Now" spent five weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in late 2009. [43] In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Charles Kelley said, "We actually just went ahead and decided we're gonna take two, two and a half months straight in the studio to create this thing and not have all this distraction. One of country music's hottest bands is postponing an upcoming tour so one of its members can focus on their health. 14 on the Billboard adult contemporary charts. First, the simple one: Trademarks are very valuable. Lady Antebellum's label, Capitol Nashville, will ask radio stations to add the track to their playlists beginning Tuesday (Oct. 4). Scott also announced on Twitter that she had given birth to two girls, Betsy Mack and Emory JoAnn. One meaning is related to the age difference between her and her sister and the other meaning is related to the age when she discovered how much she wanted to sing, according to what she told The Boot. Read about our approach to external linking. While Kelley, 40, focuses on his sobriety, his bandmates Dave Haywood and Hillary Scott are ready to offer him all the support he needs. Both parties have agreed to cover their own legal costs. Well if you forgot from history class, the Antebellum Period was the historical era in the southern United States leading up the country's civil war. Fame and fortune often limit privacy, which can be problematic when it comes to the most intimate moments in a celebrity's life. Davis said that she is happy for her daughter and described her as grounded in the Lord. She also said that she helps Scott see things from the perspective of side people.. Now she worries it's already happened. Under the law, that may entitle her to rights to the name. [28] In July 2014, the album's title was confirmed as 747, and the track listing was confirmed. [51] She said "We talked about attempting to co-exist but didn't discuss what that would look like"[50] because the band members would not directly respond to that explicit question three times during the conversation or in two contract drafts. Contributing: Matthew Leimkuehler, Nashville Tennessean and Gary Dinges, USA TODAY. Lady Antebellums 2019 album Ocean featured the song Alright, which the band co-wrote alongside Busbee. blues singer Anita White who has been using thatsame name, Blues singer lambasts Lady Antebellum's name change, says she's been Lady A for 20 years, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. And as the official Grammy website summarized, "In accepting that award, lead singer Charles Kelley said, 'This song has completely flipped our world upside down.'". "When I first heard this song, it floored me," group member . Eisele has appeared to take on her mothers outgoing and musical spirit, interrupting her mothers HSN segment with an impromptu performance of Hit the Road Jack.. Aug 21, 2017, 12:15 PM EDT. The name just "stuck ever since,"and thus, the band officially started as Lady Antebellum. In her free time, she enjoys traveling, watching bad reality TV and consuming copious amounts of cookiedough. One tattoo is an ornately embellished treble clef symbol on the top of her right foot, likely a tribute to her strong family and lifelong connection to. Kelley stated that the group is his priority but he wanted to try working alone. She is the co-lead singer of Lady A, a country music group that was formed in 2006, and is signed to Big Machine Records.. 2023 Cable News Network. They also sang backing vocals on Darius Rucker's 2013 single "Wagon Wheel".[27]. Their favorite place to be, other than on me, is nose to nose and cheek to cheek. Published The lawsuit is just the icing on the cake. The country groupbehind hits "Need You Now" and"Bartender"announced the name changeon Thursday, saying it was renouncing antebellum,a term used particularly to describe existingbefore the American Civil War. According to WKML, Dave Haywood briefly played in a jazz band together with Josh Kelley. On September 28, 2015, he released his debut solo single, titled "The Driver". Some of these earnings probably went to the upkeep of her own sweet crib. It shouldn't have taken George Floyd to die for them to realize that their name had a slave reference to it. Lady A/Members. Anita White, who has performed as Lady A since the 1980s, previously accused the band of trying to "erase" her. Record labels and awards ceremonies stopped using the loaded term "urban" to describe music of black origin, and artists like The Dixie Chicks, the Black Madonna and DJ Joey Negro changed their names (to The Chicks, the Blessed Madonna and Dave Lee respectively). On January 21, 2021, the group became members of the Grand Ole Opry after being invited by Darius Rucker. Hillary Scott, the Leading Lady of Lady A.: 5 Fast Facts You Need To Know Getty Hillary Scott at CBS Radios Stars and Strings Concert in 2017. Put another way, while the name change might have helped the band or its listeners manage their guilt, we can safely say that Lady Antebellum changing its name affected the life of not a single Black American in a meaningful way. Unrivaled Mac notes apps for fuss-free note-taking, 6 Actionable Tips for Improving Your Websites SEO, Copyright 2023 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes. Hillary was saying its cool to have just a kiss goodnight rather than going all the way, Davidson told Taste of Country. The members Hillary Scott, Charles Kelley, and Dave Haywood quickly established themselves as forces in the music scene. Describing the long personal history of her two bandmates, Charles Kelley and Dave Haywood, lead singer Hillary Scott told NPR, "The boys went to middle school, high school, college together, and then right out of college after they'd been out a year, moved up to Nashville to start writing songs." Lady Antebellum announced last week that it would change its name to Lady Ain an effort to distance themselves from a term with ties to slavery, a move that initially didn't sit well with Seattle-based singer White, who goes by the stage name Lady A. [6], Shortly after the trio signed to the label, it was chosen by recording artist Jim Brickman to sing on his 2007 single "Never Alone," which reached No. Over a year later, the fight for the rights to. Ship's cannon fired a 13-gun salute in . The dictionary definition of antebellum literally means "before the war," coming from the Latin phrase, ante bellum. Lady A, the singer ( real name Anita White ), has filed a federal lawsuit against the band and members Hillary Scott, Charles Kelley and Dave Haywood, claiming trademark infringement and unfair . Moreover, it is well established that country music has its roots in blues. [53][54], In October 2021, musician Lilli Lewis's album Americana was temporarily blocked and held for review by the streaming-service Spotify because one of the songs on the album, "A Healing Inside", credited White as "Lady A". But we would not be wrong to view many of these with skepticism. 3 on the same chart. In June 2020, the country artists announced that they would be changing their band name to Lady A and removing the word antebellum (a term that's associated with the U.S. Civil War and slavery) from their moniker following the death of George Floyd and the increased attention on racial injustice. [22] Scott is the daughter of country music singer Linda Davis, best known for her duet vocals on Reba McEntire's 1993 hit "Does He Love You",[6] and Charles Kelley is the brother of pop and country artist Josh Kelley. In August 2018, the group ended its recording contract with Capitol Nashville and signed with Big Machine Records. country stars who have suffered a tragedy. According to Billboard, Lady Antebellum's hit song "Need You Now" is the second best-selling digital country song of all time. We've been on the circuit, so to speak, for a while: that hamster wheel of make a record, promote the record, do a tour. Lady Antebellum Bartender (Official Video), Check out the official music video for "Bartender" by Lady Antebellum Purchase Lady Antebellums latest music: umgn.us/LadyApurchase Stream the latest from Lady Antebellum: umgn.us/LadyAStream Sign up to receive email updates from Lady Antebellum: umgn.us/LadyAupdates Website: ladyantebellum.com Facebook: facebook.com/ladyantebellum Instagram: instagram.com/ladyantebellum Twitter: twitter.com/ladyantebellum Music video by Lady Antebellum performing Bartender. Variety reported that the Haywoods purchased a $2.1 million home in 2012, quite the upgrade from Haywood's much more modest condo purchased one year earlier. [64], (Charles Kelley has appeared alongside Rob Thomas in 2016). Scott is also a songwriter, mother of three, and she is also married to the groups drummer, Chris Tyrrell, whom she first met in college. On August 4, 2022, the group announced that it would postpone their upcoming tour to support Kelley's sobriety. Dates for 2023, however, remained on the website with no change. [15] The fourth single from this album, "Hello World", was officially released on October 4, 2010. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Ebsco Industries, 2014. The heartbreaking event only added to her support for cancer research and led her to use band's popularity to raise awareness for the cause. However, they later filed a trademark case against White, claiming she had "demanded a $10m (7.9m) payment" over the name change. She and her family have also won two Grammy awards for music from the Christian music album she worked on with her family. Lady A was awarded Top New Duo or Group by the Academy of Country Music and New Artist of the Year by the Country Music Association in 2008. She toldRolling Stoneno one from the group featuring members Charles Kelley, Hillary Scott and Dave Haywood reached out to her prior to revealing the name change. [61], At the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards, the trio won the Song of the Year. June 11, 2021. But we are regretful and embarrassed to say that we did not take into account the associations that weigh down this word referring to the period of history before The Civil War, which includes slavery. There are countless more that need to be taken. The song also reached No. "[46] Fan response was mixed, with many decrying virtue signaling or even disparaging the protests. Do you remember going on tour with one of the most famous country music singers ever? [30] On October 12, 2015, Charles Kelley announced his tour dates for his solo tour. One item that certainly qualified was popular country band, Lady Antebellum, trying to steal the stage name of Black blues singer, Anita White. The guitarist certainly earned the new digs since Haywood is worth a reported $10 million. The record company took a chance, encouraged the band fine tune the song, and good golly . Lady Antebellum can count their lucky stars that producers recognized the earliest stage of a smash hit. On Thursday, Lady A announced that its Request Line tour . Before "Need You Now" took off, and all the fame that came with it, the band thought the song wasn't even good enough to be recorded. With these two facts in mind, the irony of a major White country act suing a vastly less successful Black one for, in effect, the right to have something, should be lost on no one. Lady Antebellum started when two musically-inclined friends from Georgia crashed courses with an aspiring songbird in what was basically the perfect place for that to happen. The press release read: "Today we are sad to share that our sincere hope to join together with Anita White in unity and common purpose has ended. Moreover, one can argue that the very point of our moment today is to fix, or at least address, racial inequality. But So Is a Blues Singer Who's Used the Name for 20 Years", "Lady Antebellum is changing its name to Lady A", "Former Lady Antebellum will continue going by Lady A after apologizing to singer with the same name", "Seattle's Lady A to Lady Antebellum, 'We can't both be Lady A, you'll bury me', "Lady A, Formerly Lady Antebellum, Sue Seattle Blues Singer Lady A", "Blues Singer Lady A Sues the Former Lady Antebellum", "Seattle's Anita 'Lady A' White files lawsuit to block country stars' use of name", "Lady A controversy got New Orleans songwriter Lilli Lewis' 'Americana' deleted from Spotify", "Why was NOLA songwriter Lilli Lewis's album pulled off of Spotify for 3 days? 50 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and became its second number 1 hit on the charts for the week of November 28, 2009. The first three albums are certified platinum or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Lady Antebellum's 2019 album Ocean featured the song "Alright," which the band co-wrote alongside Busbee. Lady Antebellum changed their name to "Lady A," unaware that there was a 61-year-old black singer with multiple albums with the same name. A second single, "American Honey", was released to radio on January 11, 2010, and would become its third No. We support the event which will be on July 4 at 7 pm at Reid Park. Now, blind spots we didn't even know existed have been revealed. What's the least amount of exercise we can get away with? The country music star continued playing in college and remains a fantastic golfer a 5-handicap, in fact.