Metallic Bond Examples. Ethanol is categorized as isomer or dimethyl ether, thus means it is composed by carbon from a methyl group ( CH3-) attached to methylene group ( -CH2-) and attached to hydroxyl group ( -OH). Read More About Chemistry Here state=closed, Adchoices | Nomenclature, a collection of rules for naming things, is important in science and in many other situations.This module describes an approach that is used to name simple ionic and molecular compounds, such as NaCl, CaCO 3, and N 2 O 4.The simplest of these are binary compounds, those containing only two elements, but we will also consider how to name ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions . As we know that, Metals with Non-metals forms ionic compound, and Non-metals with Non-metals forms covalent compound. With 2 valence electrons . It is an example of a substance with a giant covalent structure. The most abundant molecule present on the surface of the earth, water, is also the requirement for all known forms of life. Read on to know more. It is usually produced by fermented sugar by yeast or through petrochemical process. Hence, it also requires one more to fill up its orbital. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Sodium bicarbonate has chemical formula as: NaHCO3. General Properties of Covalent Compounds. It is usually used in industry as a component to make pulp, soap, paper, textile, detergent, and a drain cleaner. The name begins with the name of the first elementcarbon. Why Do Biologists Need to Have a Good Understanding of Chemistry? The center carbon atom forms a double covalent bond with the oxygen atom and two single covalent bonds with the other two carbon atoms, whereas all the 6 hydrogen atoms form single covalent bonds with the exterior carbon atoms. It is mostly used as preventive for tooth decay, and it has its best effect when has direct contact with tooth. In other words, atoms with higher potential energy combine to gain stability and form molecules. Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. Here are more list of common chemicals used at home: 1. Also, the presence of lone pairs of electrons at oxygen distorts the perfect tetrahedral structure of {H}_{2}{O} by changing the bond angle from 109.5 to 104.5 . A great many inorganic compounds do contain hydrogen atoms, such as water (H 2 O) and the hydrochloric acid (HCl) produced by your stomach. It is a well-established fact that everything around us is made up of atoms. Ascorbic Acid has chemical formula as: C6H8O6. The process can be understood by the following reaction. It is usually take a form of white crystal. Thus, the compound formed from sodium and chlorine will be ionic (a metal and a non-metal). Is each compound are formed from ionic bonds, covalent bonds, or both? dinitrogen pentoxide. A carbon atom has four electrons in its outermost valance shell that can be shared with other four atoms. Mg (OH)2 (Magnesium hydroxide): Milk of magnesia (to treat indigestion) Ionic compounds are extremely common in daily life, but not before humans were able to discover, extract and use these . The food industry uses this name instead of the proper chemical name: titanium (IV) oxide. Although many bleach compounds exist, chlorine bleach is the most common type found in household products. Covalent compounds are chemical compounds in which a bunch of atoms are all bonded together with one another via covalent bonds. Follow It often take a form of pill, liquid, or paste. Others include anything plastic, most cleaning products. Cyanide is a chemical compound that we primarily use in plastic, paper, and textile industries. Not to mention, these types of chemical bonds can only occur between non-metallic elements having the same or almost equal electronegativity values. Kauna unahang parabula na inilimbag sa bhutan. Therefore, the oxygen atom at the center has a slight negative charge (from the presence of extra electron share), while the hydrogens are slightly positive (due to the extra un-neutralized protons). Please answer the following questions in preparation for the lab you will be performing: 1. The covalent bond is normally depicted as a line between atoms (H-O-O-H). They are found in table salt, baking soda, vinegar, and bleach . Because in this exclusive article, I am gonna tell you some of the well-known examples that we generally see in our day-to-day life. It is easy to decompose through hydrolysis. This process should be kept below 40o celcius to keep it from forming a sodium chlorate. Answer - any food will have covalent bonds. The ammonium ion (see figure below) consists of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms. Organic compounds are compounds with carbon atoms and are named by a separate nomenclature system that we will introduce in in a separate section. Acetone polish remover works by breaking down nail polish and removing it from the nail plate surface. Covalent compounds also are known as molecular compounds. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Water. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Measurement of Temperature- Celsius, Fahrenheit & Kelvin scales, 8 Examples of Exothermic Reaction in Everyday Life, HPLC Working Principle: Types and Applications, States of Matter (Solids, Liquids & Gases), 8 Miscible Liquids Examples in Daily Life, Turbidity: Definition, Causes, Measurement, and Examples. It is categorized as a non-essential amino acid means it can be synthesized by human body. Write the molecular formula for each compound. Covalent compounds also are known as molecular compounds. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Difference Between Mass and Weight in Tabular Form, Johannes Keplers Model of the Universe The Heliocentric Theory. It is a colorless liquid with a little odor scent. Sucrose is a chemical name for table sugar or more familiar as sugar. Youd be more hard pressed to find something that doesnt contain a covalent bond. The formula of the carbonate ion is CO 32. It is colorless solid and categorized as salt. HCl - hydrogen chloride. Hence, forming a single covalent bond i.e sharing of two electrons. LCD displays and screens, older TV/computer CRTs. It is dissolve easily in water and melt at 318o celcius without decomposition. Water is a polar molecule which means it has a positive side and a negative side. It is also used as an antiseptic in medical wipes and hand . Vynil acetate monomer. The term bi in bicarbonate comes from an old naming system and it is indicate that there are twice as much carbonate per sodium ion. If you're still reading, go to step 2 . Therefore, they both require two-two more to fill up their orbital. An example is CO 2. NaCl (Sodium chloride): Table salt. Since hydrogen is one electron short for a stable configuration, it forms a covalent bond by mutually sharing one electron with carbon. Covalent bonds are formed when two elements share electrons. Step 1. When the interplay of these attractive and repulsive forces results in a stable state, where the outermost valence electrons are shared by both the atoms, a covalent bond is formed among them. In more technical terms, two monosaccharides, glucose ({C}_{6}{H}_{12}{O}_{6}) and fructose ({C}_{6}{H}_{12}{O}_{6}), are linked together via another covalent bond known as a glycosidic bond to form a disaccharide called sugar. There are covalent compounds in furniture as well, such as wood, fabric, and the foam stuffing. Using the periodic table, predict whether the following compounds are ionic or covalent: (a) SO2 (b) CaF2 (c) N2H4 . The chemistry of halonium ions has been the subject of an extensive and complete review by Olah B-75MI11900. Step 2. Therefore, it requires three more to fill up its orbital. Plastic is the most versatile material in the modern world. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Common table salt, sodium chloride, is an ionic compound and has a melting point of 801 oC. But it also can be corrosive and can damaging skin if it is concentrated. {C}_{6}{H}_{12}{O}_{6} + 6{O}_{2} 6{CO}_{2} + 6{H}_{2}{O} + Energy. They also do not like web links with short answers. An atom of nitrogen (N) has five valence electrons in its outermost shell. Ionic Compounds in Everyday Items. Methane has chemical formula as: CH4, Sodium sulfate or sodium lauryl ether sulfate ( SLES) it is produced by ethoxylation process in which ethylene oxide is add as an substrate. Not to mention, an extra available electron on carbon makes Cyanide an anion. In vinegar the composition for acetic acid is around 3 8 percent become the main composition to make vinegar after water. LPG. Atoms are the smallest units of matter that still retain the fundamental chemical properties of an element. Because in my view, every aspect of physics comes within the range of cosmology. Monosodium glutamate or sodium glutamate is composed by sodium salt and glutamate acid. How many nieces and nephew luther vandross have? See covalent bond examples, learn about the properties of covalent compounds and understand how covalent compounds are formed. formed between metals and non-metals. If the difference in electronegativity is greater than two, the elements form ionic bonds. Ascorbic Acid has an important role in enzymatic reaction, it is act as an reducing agent, donating and transmitting electrons to various enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. O 3 - ozone. The molecular structure of {CO}_{2} is fairly simple that includes two atoms of oxygen attached to a carbon atom through covalent bonds. What are the Four Fundamental States of Matter? Sodium bicarbonate is an inorganic compound created from sodium ( Na) and bicarbonate ( HCO). . Silicon dioxide (often called silica) is the main compound found in sand. {CH}_{3}{COOH} {CH}_{3}{COO}^{-} + {H}^{+}. There are millions of carbon compounds alone which contain covalent bonds in them. A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between two non-metal atoms, for example carbon dioxide. Question 17 180 seconds Q. . In modern days, sodium hypochlorite can be made by passing chlorine into cold dilute sodium hydroxide solution. placeholder="Leave a comment" onpropertychange="this.style.height=this.scrollHeight + 'px'" oninput="this.style.height=this.scrollHeight + 'px'">. Because of this release of the proton ({H}^{+}), acetic acid has an acidic character. A typical molecule of water (H2O)consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It often added to prevent cavities and to maintain tooth strength and health. The subatomic particles (protons and electrons) act under the influence of electrostatic forces. If the electronegativity difference is 2 or more, the elements form ionic bonds. The atoms of a polyatomic ion are tightly bonded together and so the entire ion behaves as a single unit. Hey man, If you have come this far, do give us feedback in the comment section. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'physicsinmyview_com-box-4','ezslot_7',105,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-physicsinmyview_com-box-4-0');Just like oxygen, water is one of the most essential for the survival of life on planet earth. It has a sour and sharp smell. If you like this article, share it if you like, like it if you share it. It is mainly used in medical sector. Besides, covalent bonds are present in oxygen gas and water, without which we can't survive. " A natural monosodium glutamate does not have a delicious flavor a MSG that most used for food sometimes been added with other savory flavor. In vinegar, acetic acid is generated by fermentation, which produces ethanol, and then subsequent oxidation of this ethanol. It is produced from glucose through fermentation in modern days. For human consumption, it is mainly extracted from a plant called sugarcane. A covalent bond is what creates molecules (CO2) from pure atoms (C, O). Propanone (C 3 H 6 O) . Most of us are familiar with the use of vinegar to provide sweet and sour, pungent flavor to our food, but not many of us are aware that we can make use of its acidic character for cleaning purposes also. Chemical compounds can be found everywhere including in household. But, before going ahead, let me tell you what is covalent bond anyway? Hence, forming two single covalent bonds. The second element is named by taking the stem of the element name and adding the suffix -ide. It is normally unstable and slowly decomposes. what makes muscle tissue different from other tissues? Difference Between Atom and Molecule in Table Form, Covalent Bond Definition, Types, Properties & Examples, Ionic Bond Definition, Properties, Examples & Uses, Crystalline Solid Definition, Types, Properties & Examples, Amorphous Solid Definition, Properties & Examples, Full Moon in July 2022 Buck Moon in Northern Hemisphere & Wolf Moon in Southern Hemisphere, Difference between Real and Virtual Image in Tabular Form, Autumn Equinox Australia 2023 First Day of Autumn in Southern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere Full Moon Calendar 2023, Charles Law Examples in Real Life Top 6, Dot Product vs Cross Product Difference & Similarities in Tabular Form, Real Life Gay Lussacs Law Examples in SIX Minutes Top 6, Boyles Law Examples in Real Life (All New). 4.4 Shape of Covalent Compounds: VSEPR Theory. There are many examples of ionic compounds in everyday life. The common solvent acetone, flammable and transparent, with a characteristic odor. Covalent compounds usually have low melting points. Ethanol has chemical formula as: C2H6O or CH3-CH2-OH or C2H5-OH or EtOH. It has license agreements with Pulmokine to develop and commercialize GB002 and related backup compounds, and Aerpio Pharmaceuticals to develop and commercialize GB004 and related compounds. In chemical compound: Binary molecular (covalent) compounds. Common household covalent compounds include water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4, in natural gas), acetic acid (CH3CO2H, in vinegar), silicon dioxide (SiO2, in glass), and ethanol (C2H5OH . You have probably heard of the rising levels of {CO}_{2} in the atmosphere and the news concerning global warming. CH3CH2OH - ethanol. Acetylsalicylic Acid is composed from salicylic acid reacted with acetic anhydrates, its reaction turns salicylic acid that first in hydroxyl group change to ester group ( R-OH into R-OCOCH3). It is also a by-product of combustion and certain other natural processes. Covalent bond. In fact, many covalent compounds are liquids or gases at room temperature, and, in their solid states, they are typically much softer than ionic solids. Just because of my love for fundamental physics, I switched my career, and therefore I did my postgraduate degree in physics. Putting these pieces together gives the name carbon tetrachloride for this compound. However, sometimes ionic compounds form between polyatomic cations and anions that . Examples of organic compounds. Campbell, Neil A.; Williamson, Brad; Heyden, Robin J. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. Typically, a molecular formula begins with the nonmetal that is closest to the lower left corner of the periodic table, except that hydrogen is almost never written first (H2O is the prominent exception). It is consider as weak acid because it is easy to solve in solution. Step by Step Solution. These compounds have low boiling points. OR; Identify 20 chemicals in everyday household items (which is a hint to read the 'ingredients' labels on packets of cleaning materials, paints and other containers of substances in your home). Several disease that can occur is tooth decay, diabetes mellitus to obesity. The atoms in these solids are held together by a network of covalent bonds, as shown in Figure . So, if two identical nonmetals (e.g., two hydrogen atoms) bond together, they will form a pure covalent bond. Christmas Tree Cakes contain titanium dioxide. Chemistry questions and answers. Some examples of metallic bonds include magnesium, sodium and aluminum. Sodium hydroxide is an inorganic compound composed from sodium ( Na+) and hydroxde ( OH). It is usually has a savory taste and be used as food preservative in stew and soup. Organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, are all examples of molecular compounds. Contact Us | Consequently, the shared pair of electrons have a higher probability to be found near the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atom. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/some-examples-of-covalent-compounds-603981. The chemical formula of a simple covalent compound can be determined from its name. Molecules are the simplest unit of a covalent compound, and molecules can be represented in many different ways. 1. Ionic and Covalent compounds in Household Items By: Vichada Meier 5th Twizzlers Chemical Name: Sulfer Dioxide Formula: SO2 Chemical Name: Ferrous Sulfate also known as. this whole process takes place under intense pressure and temperature conditions that force the carbon to crystalize. What are some examples of household products that contain covalent bonds? O3 - ozone. Examples of household compounds with their chemical formulas: (1) water - H2O (2) sodium chloride (table salt) - NaCl (3) sucrose (table sugar) - C12H22O11 (4) sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda) - NaHCO3 Sodium flouride has chemical formula as: NaF. As {CO}_{2} builds up in our atmosphere from burning fossil fuels, it has a warming effect that could change the earths climate, and therefore, it is considered a greenhouse gas. What do the parents perceive as their role to the Day Care worker? Hence, requires two more electrons to fill its orbital. An oxygen atom has six valence electrons in its outermost shell. Ascorbic Acid or L- Ascorbic Acid is a vitamin that often found in food such as tomatoes, potatoes, red peppers, and fruits. It is the second most simplest carboxylic acid made from acetyl group ( Ac) and hydroxyl group ( AcOH). All the matter in the universe is composed of the atoms of more than 100 different chemical elements, which are found both in pure form and combined in chemical compounds. A typical nitrogen molecule (N2) consists of two nitrogen atoms. Therefore, requires three more electrons to fill its orbital. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Magnesium has 2 valence electrons which are in the 3s energy level shell. Methanol (CH 3 OH) . The hardness of a diamond can be understood by its crystal structure. Hydrogen peroxide has chemical formula as: H2O2, Also read: Hydrogen Peroxide ApplicationsUses of Hydrogen Peroxide. Here are more list of common chemicals used at home: Monosodium glutamate is famous to be known as MSG in household. Examples of ionic compounds in everyday life include table salt, baking soda, lye, Epsom salt, and bleach. Numerical subscripts are used if there is more than one of a particular atom. The attraction between molecules (called intermolecular forces) will be discussed in more detail in Section 8.1. They are used everywhere. Hence, forming a triple covalent bond i.e sharing of 6 electrons. Formaldehyde. . Privacy Policy | PCl 3 - phosphorus trichloride. As per the law of covalent bonding, in order to fill up the octet of two hydrogen atoms, oxygen shares one electron each with both of the hydrogen atoms. Cheers!!! Because it is so unreactive, sulfur hexafluoride is used as a spark suppressant in electrical devices such as transformers. Sugar is a carbohydrate compound that is composed of 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms, and 11 oxygen atoms ({C}_{12}{H}_{22}{O}_{11}) to which a total of 136 valence electrons are distributed amongst the 45 atoms, all linked together via covalent bonding. Many household product is made or composed by some chemical compounds. . Vinegar is composed of 5-8% volume by volume ethanoic acid ({CH}_{3}{COOH}), also known as acetic acid, diluted with water. Its main function is as foaming agent and often used in soap, detergent, shampoo, toothpaste, and many other of cosmetic product because it is known for its ability in cleansing. What Determines Whether a Covalent Bond Forms? These are examples of covalent bonds and covalent compounds. Two oxygen atoms will each share two electrons to form two covalent bonds, otherwise known as a double bond, corresponding to each shared pair of electrons. Another reactive allotrope of oxygen i.e., ozone ({O}_{3}) in which two oxygen atoms are linked together with a double covalent bond, while the third oxygen atom is linked via a coordinate covalent bond with one of these two oxygen atoms. Covalent bonds form between a metal and a non-metal. If you have a single covalent bond between two atoms, there are two shared electrons, while a double covalent bond results in four . The primary sources of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere include organisms respiration or decomposition (decay), weathering of carbonate rocks, forest fires, volcanic eruptions, and several human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and the production of cement. (1970). Similarly, in order to fill up the Octet of hydrogen, chlorine shares one electron with a hydrogen atom. Unlike ionic compounds, with their extended crystal lattices, covalent molecules are discrete units with specific three-dimensional shapes. Hydrogen (H) has one valence electron in its outermost shell. When you put an ionic compound in water, it becomes attracted to the water. chlorine trifluoride. For example, water (molecular compound) boils at 100 C while sodium chloride (ionic compound) boils at 1413 C. is a covalent compound. But no matter how good the manicured nails look with the nail polish, it all fades away over time. Usually used for food additive to add some sweet flavour. Answer (1 of 9): White sugar Brown sugar Plastic bottles Glass jug Plastic jug Crockery Nail varnish Lipstick Wall paint Vinyl floor tiles Plastic goods Plastic toys Cotton shirts Nylon shirts Leather shoes Plastic shoes Car tyre/tire House plants Flour Eggs Meat Fish Cardbo. Together, they comprise a single ion with a 1+ charge and a formula of NH4+. Water is one of the most commonly found molecular compounds, followed by carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and methane. 4: Covalent Bonding and Simple Molecular Compounds, { "4.01:_Prelude_to_Covalent_Bonding_and_Simple_Molecular_Compounds" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.02:_Covalent_Bonds" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.03:_Covalent_Compounds_-_Formulas_and_Names" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.04:_Drawing_Lewis_Structures" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.05:_Characteristics_of_Covalent_Bonds" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.06:_Characteristics_of_Molecules" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.07:_Organic_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.E:_Covalent_Bonding_and_Simple_Molecular_Compounds_(Exercises)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.S:_Covalent_Bonding_and_Simple_Molecular_Compounds_(Summary)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_Chemistry_Matter_and_Measurement" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Elements_Atoms_and_the_Periodic_Table" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Ionic_Bonding_and_Simple_Ionic_Compounds" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Covalent_Bonding_and_Simple_Molecular_Compounds" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Introduction_to_Chemical_Reactions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Quantities_in_Chemical_Reactions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Energy_and_Chemical_Processes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Solids_Liquids_and_Gases" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Solutions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Chemical_Equilibrium" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_Acids_and_Bases" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:_Nuclear_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13:_Organic_Chemistry_-_Alkanes_and_Halogenated_Hydrocarbons" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "14:_Organic_Compounds_of_Oxygen" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15:_Organic_Acids_and_Bases_and_Some_of_Their_Derivatives" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "16:_Carbohydrates" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "17:_Lipids" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "18:_Amino_Acids_Proteins_and_Enzymes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "19:_Nucleic_Acids" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, 4.3: Covalent Compounds - 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