It's been 34 years since Jamaica made its Winter Olympic debut in bobsled at the 1988 Games in Calgary, an unlikely appearance which was later immortalized in the Disney feature film, "Cool Runnings." Jamaica competed in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.They competed in one sport, Bobsledding, in both the two-man and four-man events and finished outside the medal places in both competitions.Athletes were recruited from the Jamaica Defence Force, which saw Dudley Stokes, Devon Harris, and Michael White become the first . We had to change the culture or rather look at the culture that was successful in the sport, and which is typically a German culture, added Stokes. Junior sells his expensive car and forgoes a high-paying brokerage job to compete. According to Today, on the team's third run, Dudley Stokes, who was driving the sled, lost control of the sled, which caused the sled to crash, while they were going 85 mph. 2. Great Britain's two-man bobsleigh team crashed on their third run at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. Stokes said he got into bobsledding because a colonel in the Army told him to. Thats the reality. "It is a human interest story with a powerful lesson. Here's the rest of the real story of how Jamaicans learned to bobsled a sport that athletes from the country will still compete in this winter Olympics: It all started when two American businessmen living in Jamaica were inspired by a local pushcart derby, according to the Jamaican Bobsleigh Federation. Its no wonder that Hollywood jumped at the chance to tell their story in the 1993 Disney film, Cool Runnings. [7], All of the team members returned for the 1992 Winter Olympics. "[3] He also told The Baltimore Sun, "I came in to this film at first to coach the players in the authentic accents. Inspired by classic film Cool Runnings, Jamaica's bobsleigh team is BACK at the Winter Olympics after 24 years away - and the current four sledders now include an RAF sniper, who made the Queen . It immortalised our team, he said in the same interview.. Its 2014 and it has allowed two more generations to become intimate with our story. Instead, other countries . [8] They improved in the second run, moving up to 22nd place,[9] but were in 31st place on the third run and finished only one place higher in 30th place during the fourth and final run. [6] Doug told The Baltimore Sun: "I got the offer to play Sanka, the guy I'd wanted to play from the very beginning. They were using borrowed equipment, and one of their teammates got injured during training. [2], The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games. February 27 & 28, 1988 The 1993 film Cool Runnings was a massive success at the box office, but took a number of liberties when it came to telling the full story of the 1988 Jamaican bobsleigh team. We do this in Jamaica, called the Pushcart Derby, and two Americans who lived in Jamaica saw that and thought it looked like bobsledding, he said. The movie Cool Runnings came five years after Jamaica competed in the Calgary Games but according to Stokes, the film was conceptualized by Americans William Maloney and George Fitch before he and his teammates even started competing together. On August 24, 1999, the film was released on DVD by Walt Disney Home Video in the United States in Region 1. The team are forced to find other ways to earn the money- Sanka tries his hand at busking, with no success. The men, George Fitch and William Maloney, thought the sport looked like bobsledding. The team had very little time to prepare for the Winter Olympics. [6] In their first run, they finished in 34th position, ahead of the second New Zealand team, both of the pairs from Portugal, U.S. Virgin Islands and Mexico. 6:51 AM EST, Fri February 18, 2022, Benjamin Alexander: From DJ to Jamaica's first ever alpine skier, The Jamaican four-man bobsled team in action at the 1988 Calgary Winter Olympic Games held on February 25, 1988 in Calgary, Canada, which inspired the film "Cool Runnings.". Murdaugh Murders Timeline: Investigations, Deaths and the Collapse of a Powerful South Carolina Family, 8-Year-Old Arkansas Boy Raises More Than $65K for His Favorite Waffle House Waiter, Who Walks Miles to Work, Bryan Kohberger Decries 'Pervasive and Grotesquely Twisted Nature' of Idaho Murders Coverage in Court Document, Family Discovers Kentucky Vacation Rental House Has Secret Underground Bunker and Was Site of Grisly Murder, Lindsay Clancy: Timeline of Events in the Case of Massachusetts Mom Accused of Killing Her 3 Children, Fiance of Slain Orlando TV Reporter Plans to Have His Baby After Harvesting His Sperm Post-Mortem. The nations making debuts were Netherlands Antilles, Australia, Bulgaria, U.S. Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Mexico, Monaco, New Zealand and Portugal. Despite the reprieve, it wasnt easy for the team to compete. As shown in the film, the Jamaicans did however crash on their fourth and final run. [18], Fdration Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing, "Jamaican bobsleigh team 1988 and the movie Cool Runnings: All you need to know", "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games: Men's Two Run 1", "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games: Men's Two Run 2", "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games: Men's Two Run 3", "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games: Men's Two Run 4", "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games: Men's Two", "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games: Men's Four Run 1", "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games: Men's Four Run 2", "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games: Men's Four Run 4", "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games: Men's Four", "Jamaica Bobsleigh at the 1992 Albertville Winter Games", "Jamaica Bobsleigh at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jamaica_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&oldid=1125005562, This page was last edited on 1 December 2022, at 18:20. Chris Stokes, who was only in Canada in order to support his brother Dudley, was added to the four-man team three days before the first run having never been in a bobsleigh before. Jamaica returned to the Winter Olympics in the two-man bobsleigh in 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2014 . In the film, the weather is depicted as bitterly cold with temperatures at -25C. "[16] On Metacritic it has a score of 60% based on reviews from 17 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". True Story of 12 Strong: The Horse Soldiers, True Story of I, Tonya: The Rise and Fall of Tonya Harding, True Story of The Post and The Pentagon Papers, True Story of Billy Jean King V Bobby Riggs Battle of The Sexes, True Story of Gold: The Bre-X Mining Scandal, True Story of Ray Kroc: The Founder of McDonalds, True Story of the American Sniper: Chris Kyle, How to watch the Marvel Cinematic Universe in chronological order, Why WandaVision is changing TV shows forever, Ryan Reynolds new streaming service offers just one movie. In reality, they did not carry the sled but walked next to it. READ MORE: Jamaican Olympian urges return of stolen Cool Runnings bobsled in Calgary, The thing that I would say kept me sane was school. What we need to develop is: how are we going to survive in the struggle and the suffering, and eventually triumph?. They ended up raising money (mostly via T-shirt sales) to buy a four-man sled from the Canadian team and managed to draw 40,000 fans to the event. Glad to have lived through it." sheley . Afterwards, back in . CNN Sans & 2016 Cable News Network. [12], Following the elimination of the United States ice hockey team, American television stations needed to fill airtime and chose to focus on the Jamaican bobsleigh team in the four-man event. A popular quote from the movie "Feel the Rhythm, feel the rhyme, get on up, its bobsled time!" "All of us can do something in their lives.". They got a fast start that day, but Stokes lost control of the sled at 85 miles per hour and crashed, according to The Guardian. The Colonel made the suggestion to me and because I was a Captain, you do as your told and obey orders.. Since 1988, the Jamaican men bobsled team has . [7] The team did not compete in the fourth run of the event,[15] and subsequently were listed as not finishing the event and therefore were placed in the last place overall. It is very loosely based [on us], Harris told InsideEdition.com. King World Productions Inc. 2023 Inside Edition Inc. and CBS interactive Inc., Paramount companies. They drastically improve on the second day, finishing in eighth place. Not only were they using less-than-reliable borrowed equipment, Stokes was also struggling with a shoulder injury. According to Robinson, "(Steel) worked on the second unit for a while, and she said 'Never again. Michael White and a civilian, Samuel Clayton. [6] Advertisements were placed describing "dangerous and rigorous" trials which would form the basis of the country's first bobsleigh team. And what I saw in that series were these very average and ordinary people, but they had extraordinary dreams and they had an equally extraordinary desire to achieve those dreams.. An additional member, Caswell Allen, pulled out of the team at the last minute and was replaced by Tal Stokes' brother, Chris Stokes. He was able to get a major from the Jamaica Defence Force interested, who recommended two of the militarys top runners Mike White and Devon Harris as well as a helicopter pilot Dudley Stokes who could handle the steering of the sled. The sled, being driven by Brad Hall with Nick Gleeson as brakeman, turned over after . I loved to play and guess where I could play? But unlike in the film, his name was Howard Siler and he hadnt been disgraced in the sport. And then at the end of the week we pushed the seventh fastest time," Harris said. . For Harris, the bobsled, while it was foreign to him, was still a ticket to broaden his horizons. On this episode of What happened to? This year, Benjamin Alexander made history as Jamaicas first alpine skier, after Cool Runnings jibes on the ski slopes caused him to consider seriously pursuing the sport. Updated February 11, 2022 8:02 pm. The 1988 Jamaican Bobsled Team in Calgary consisted of Devon Harris, Dudley Tal Stokes, Michael White, and Freddy Reggae Powell. If I am going, I am not going to make up a number; I am going to make the team. I thought the most likely outcome was death or at least a serious injury.. Cool Runnings was released in the United States on October 1, 1993, to . A soundtrack album with 11 tracks was released by Sony in 1993 on cassette and compact disc (Columbia Chaos OK 57553). Even rarer, it celebrates genuine sportsmanship, placing the emphasis back on how the game is played in the face of the winning-is-everything philosophy that permeates every aspect of contemporary life. Twenty-three nations participated in bobsleigh at the 1988 Games. After watching the countrys annual push cart derby in the Blue Mountains, Fitch figured that the nations depth of sprinting talent would translate well to bobsleigh. 2022 Winter Olympics: Jamaica makes celebrated return to four-man bobsleigh event. Cool Runnings is a 1993 American sports film directed by Jon Turteltaub and starring Leon Robinson, Doug E. Doug, Malik Yoba, and John Candy (in his last film released during his lifetime). The teammates were trapped underneath the sled. Team coach Brown (now a bobsled instructor at Utah Olympic Park) was played by John Candy in the 1994 film based on this story, Cool Runnings. Eventually, all the members of the team except Derice get into a bar fight with the East Germans. While thankfully no one was killed, it did end the Jamaican's dreams of a medal, due to disqualification. You can now own a piece of history courtesy of the Jamaican bobsled team that competed in the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary: The helmet worn by driver Dudley Stokes during the team's dramatic . 1988 was second to last year that the winter and summer and Olympics were held the same year (every leap year), as 1992 was the last year that both Olympiads were held in the same year . In reality, the Jamaican Summer Olympic Trials occurred after the Winter Olympics in Calgary, and none of the guys from the bobsled team were elite . Both the run and the high speed crash were disorienting: team member Nelson Chris Stokes "felt a bump" when they tipped but did not realize they had turned over until he started to smell his helmet (which was fiberglass) friction-burning on the ice, "which is something that stays with you for many years afterward. Cool Runnings has cast a massive shadow over my life, Stokes told CNN. Jamaica competed in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. This left them in last place going into the final run, over three seconds behind Portugal in 25th. This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 05:03. In reality, the four players trained for three hours a day next to a soccer field in the Army barracks using a makeshift sled. The 1993 comedy Cool Runnings is based on the Jamaican bobsled team's competitive debut during the 1988 Winter Olympics in Canada. At the try-outs, it was suggested to Fitch by a man named Ken Barnes who incidentally is former England international John Barnes father to recruit from the Air Force. Cool Runnings was released in 1993 and loosely told the true story of the 1988 Jamaican Bobsleigh Team. as well as other partner offers and accept our, will still compete in this winter Olympics. But on the teams third heat, disaster struck. During one winter games, bobsledding became the focus of the world for a short time, as the sport had a rather unusual team that qualified. then return to the Winter Olympics four years later, "How Chris Meledandri Became the Most Powerful Man in Animation", "From Real Life to Screen Proved Tough Sledding: Movies: Despite being dropped by Columbia and two directors, 'Cool Runnings,' the film about Jamaican snow bobbers, makes it across the finish line", "Some Rough Sledding Making 'Cool Runnings', "Leon Robinson: Derice On The Coll Runnings Cafe and Dressing Up As A Zombie", "Doug E. Doug: Sanka Himself Reveals Where He Keeps His Lucky Eggs", "Malik Yoba: Yul Brenner On Pride, Power And People Wanting To Draw Lines On His Head", "Interview with Actor Rawle D. Lewis, Star of Cool Runnings", "Rawle D. Lewis: Junior Bevil On Talking To Mirrors And Getting Recognized In Pizza Hut", "Interview with Cool Runnings Star Rawle D. Lewis AKA Junior Bevil", "Weekend Box Office: 'Demolition Man' Fends Off 'Hillbillies', "MOVIE REVIEW: 'Cool': Hot on Trail of Feel-Good Comedy", "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games: Men's Four", "Online Donors Send Jamaican Bobsled Team To Sochi", "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games: Jamaica", "Jamaican Bobsled Team Qualifies for 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics", "Funding woes ease, Jamaicans promise Sochi we fight", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cool_Runnings&oldid=1142573066, Rotten Tomatoes template using name parameter, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [4], George B. Fitch, who was the Commercial Attache for the American embassy in Kingston from 1985-86, suggested that Jamaica should begin competing in the Winter Olympics and is quoted as saying, "You got great athletes and a great athlete should be able to do any sport. And that was a journey in itself.. Erica Vella finds out what happened to the Jamaican bobsled team that competed in the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. The names of all of the characters, including Blitzer, are made up. Derice spots a photograph in Coolidges office, featuring his late father Ben, standing next to a fellow Olympic gold medal winner. Strict, strict timing regimes in days that were structured from start to finish on time, and just hammering away, said Stokes. Then they filmed at the Jamaican parishes of Discovery Bay and Kingston. [9][11][12] According to Yoba, Scott Glenn was also considered for the role. was also made up for the movie, according to Stokes. If you would like to sponsor or donate to the Jamaican Bobsled Federation, click here. For the first time, a team from Ireland was also entered in the competition. The last time Jamaica had a four-man sled team was at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. Though the four man team crashed and received a Did Not Finish result, the exploits of Dudley Tal Stokes, Michael White, Devon Harris and Chris Stokes were immortalized in the 1993 hit, which remains one of the highest grossing sports comedies. American businessman George Fitch (who isnt mentioned in the film) was living in Jamaica and spotted the resemblance between the sport and bobsledding, and subsequently took the idea of a national bobsledding team to the countrys Olympic association. The 1988 Jamaican Bobsled Team in Calgary consisted of Devon Harris, Dudley 'Tal' Stokes, Michael White, and Freddy 'Reggae' Powell. Thus, after three runs, the Jamaicans were in 26th (last) place with a cumulative time of 3:00.60 after three runs which placed them 3.23 seconds behind Portugal for 25th place, and 10.19 seconds behind the Soviet team that was in third-place, heading into the final run. Theirs is the ultimate underdog story: A group of guys with Olympic aspirations in a country known for its beaches but not snow. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. Once there, I was hooked. He reluctantly agrees to coach the team. There was more despair than hope. On the third run, they had the worst time (1:03.19, good for 26th place), due to the crash, which was almost five seconds behind the 25th fastest run. It was the Caribbean countrys first Winter games, but hardly its last. And also back of the pack. ", While the Hollywood version does not reflect reality, Harris says it capturedthe essence and spirit of the team., All of us enjoy the movie, he added. Rawle D. Lewis as Junior Bevil, a shy, educated, young man who is afraid to stand up for himself. Here's video of the Jamaican bobsled team's Olympic debut in 1988: Sign up for notifications from Insider! The film's soundtrack also became popular with Jimmy Cliff performing a cover of Johnny Nash's "I Can See Clearly Now", which reached the top 40 as a single in the United States, Canada, France, and the United Kingdom. and later to the Olympics in Munich and his early death at 24 in a car crash. [2] Stokes was a successful track and field athlete, and after his associate degree from Bronx Community College, he was awarded an athletic scholarship to the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho. Feb 19, 2022, 04:48 AM EST | Updated Feb 19, 2022. The team members were actually recruited from the Jamaican army. Jamaica does in fact have a bobsled teamthe 1993 Disney film was based on the true story of the Jamaican national team's debut at the 1988 Winter Olympics. The team did compete in future Olympic Games before retiring from the sport. Growing up in my neighborhood, there was not much opportunity, he said. I never want to direct.'"[3]. It was Prince Albert of Monaco who competed in every Winter Olympics from Calgary to Salt Lake City in 2002 who stepped in to ask the IOC to reconsider. [8][11], The film was shot in Calgary and Jamaica in February and March 1993. Top 10 Best Sports Documentaries of All Time, Luxury Lighters A classy way to make fire. The IOC received several appeals to reverse their decision, including one from Prince Albert of Monaco, who competed in the event himself. The true story is even more remarkable, Harris told InsideEdition.com. Getting to grips with bobsled didnt come easily: I knew nothing about the sport I was getting into, said Stokes. All of us have that responsibility to do what we can to help the next person.". Updated All Rights Reserved. We are always so far behind the curve, but I believe we can win an Olympic medal.". The Jamaica national bobsleigh team represents Jamaica in international bobsleighing competitions. The team either failed to qualify or did not have a team during other Winter Olympics. However, Jamaica sent a women's bobsled team, a first for the country. The 1993 inspirational movie Cool Runnings is loosely based on their story. "It's a feature Disney film, not much in it actually happened in real life," Stokes said on Reddit. It is loosely based on the true story of the Jamaica national bobsleigh team's debut in competition during the 1988 Winter Olympics. The funding is the biggest challenge, he said. The cast and crew filmed in Calgary first, to take advantage of the snow. The film depicts them as forming the team as a four-man bobsleigh team right from the start. As I got good enough to kind of ski with them socially, being the only Black representative in the group, even though I am only half Black, and being of Jamaican heritage, people kept throwing jokes, sideways jokes at me about Cool Runnings, the Jamaican bobsled team and, you should go to the Olympics, Alexander told CNN Sport. Following the 1988 Olympics, Harris returned to the Army. [2] Turteltaub used the actual ABC sports footage from the 1988 Olympics and incorporated it into the film. 1:59 Former Jamaican bobsledders ready to cheer on team after 24-year absence at Olympics. When they returned to Calgary in February 1988, they were welcomed warmly by their peers, unlike in the film. Now, perhaps more importantly, the team have inadvertently inspired generations of Jamaican winter sports stars. The team later trained in Calgary and Austria, then back to Lake Placid. Soon enough a programme was set up albeit with very limited funds. The Cool Runnings characters had never felt the cold before, so they prepare themselves by climbing inside freezers. Getty Images None of the athletes had ever seen a bobsled before. "[3] Leon, Doug E. Doug and Malik Yoba have all confirmed in their interview with Empire that it was originally meant to have been a serious sports drama film. At school. [1][2], The event included competitors from countries with little history of bobsleigh participation and/or little or no snow. appreciated. The orders came down the chain of command to me as an order, and I really didnt have a choice. I knew about the actual event it's based on, the Jamaican bobsled team that went to the '88 Olympics, and even though it's based pretty loosely I thought it made a great yarn. The four-man Jamaican bobsled team will compete in Beijing for the . So thats how I became involved in it. "[10] At the time of Doug's audition, Chechik was attached as the director. Derice reprimands them severely. "We know what great athletes there are in Jamaica and know that [athleticism] could be applied to any sport,"Fitch told Inside Edition in 1993. They came to the army looking for athletes, and thats when I initially heard and as I mentioned, I was not interested. This was the case in the four-man sled competition, which the movie focuses on. While Jamaica is known for producing world-class athletes (Usain Boltanyone? The film shows the men crashing into fields and farms as they practice. Jamaica's two-man bobsled team will compete in the Winter Olympics this year at Sochi. The story is a little more complicated than that. Three countries won medals in Calgary, with the Soviet Union leading the medal table, winning two medals, one gold and one bronze. As the driver steers, a nut and bolt on the control column work loose, eventually causing a loss of control as the bobsleigh comes out of a turn and subsequently crashes. Blitzer confronts Kurt Hemphill, his former coach, now a judge in the committee, asking him not to punish the Jamaicans, as they had nothing to do with his cheating scandal. [21], While the Jamaicans did crash their bobsled on their third out of four scheduled runs, the film implied the team was a medal contender, having run a world record pace prior to the crash. In some European countries, the soundtrack album was released by Sony with a 12th (bonus) track being "Rise Above It" performed by Lock Stock and Barrel (Columbia 474840 2). Determined to finish the race, the team pick up their bobsled and carry it across the finish line, earning the applause of the other teams and the spectators, including Junior's father, despite their loss. Jamaica's four-man bobsleigh team last qualified for the Winter Olympics held in Nagano, Japan, in 1998, finishing in 21st. The pair couldnt get any athletes to take up bobsled for their endeavor, so they went to the army to find potential candidates, according to Stokes. Ive come to appreciate that Olympic participation is a worthy goal. Real TV footage of the actual crash was used in the film but was heavily edited to fit in with the film's version of the crash. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider Cool Runnings received positive reviews, including one from Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times which referred to the film as "a sweet-natured, high-spirited comedy, that rare movie that plays effectively to all ages. it's a fun watch and it's a decent reminder of the cultural impact the 1988 Jamaican bobsled team had. Derice realizes he could participate in the 1988 Winter Olympics by forming a bobsled team, recruiting his friend Sanka Coffie, a pushcart derby champion. It's based on a true story, but a member of the unlikely Jamaican bobsled team that inspired the popular Disney film says it's largely fiction. Chris Stokes (bobsledder) Nelson Christian " Chris " Stokes has been an active member of the Jamaican Bobsleigh Team since its inception in 1988. Cool Runnings is a 1993 American sports film directed by Jon Turteltaub and starring Leon Robinson, Doug E. Doug, Malik Yoba, and John Candy (in his last film released during his lifetime). Stokes has since claimed that he only saw a bobsled for the first time in September 1987, before competing at the Olympics in February 1988. "We're like 'Chris, you're a sprinter, right? But the films commercial success had a profound impact on Stokes life, and the happy go lucky plot starring hapless athletes didnt fully reflect how much the real team achieved. "Once [Barnes] told me to go, in a way I wanted to be on the team,"he said. The Jamaican bobsleigh team have long been one of the most popular at the Winter Olympics, and it comes much in part down to the excellent 1990s film . He invites Derice to try again in four years' time, or to try out for one of the only two other sports Jamaica competes in; boxing and cycling. News Photos . Sam Clayton Jr., who was part of the Jamaican bobsled team that qualified for the 1988 Winter Olympics in Canada, has died of complications from coronavirus at age 58. The idea for a Jamaican bobsleigh team began in the summer of 1987, when George Fitch, a former Commercial Attache for the American embassy in Kingston, returned to Jamaica for a wedding and mentioned to Jamaican military officer and former soccer player Ken Barnes that the athletes in Jamaica should be talented enough to compete in any Olympic sport. I always dreamed of being a summer Olympian for track but then my thinking shifted. The bobsledders couldn't leave Olympic Village for fear of getting mobbed, according to the Jamaican Bobsleigh Federation, and they got a lot of attention from the American media. Decades later, for the first time in Olympic history, the island nation qualified in three bobsled events the two-man bobsled, the womens monobob and the four-man bobsled as well as entering its first ever alpine skier. On September 1, 2000, the film was released on VHS by Walt Disney Studios in the United Kingdom. They trained in Austria and Lake Placid, N.Y. Stokes had very little training before the Olympics. The classic film loosely based on the true story of the first ever Jamaican bobsled team. Measuring approximately 7.5 x 10.5 x 12, the helmet features a mesh wire breath opening and vertical ear vents, with black leather and navy blue interior padding and chinstrap, with part numbers on buckle hardware, Bell/USA, 06/87. So it is very, very uncommon, that doesnt happen.. Among those recruits was Harris, who was 22 at the time and serving in the Jamaican Army. . Tenet delayed What will happen to cinema in 2020? On this episode of the Global News podcastWhat happened to? [4][5], David Wallechinsky: "The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics" (2002 edition), "Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games", "Calgary '88: Tracey's bob dream slips away", "Breaking Ice Review of Irish Film at Galway Film Fleadh 2020", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bobsleigh_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&oldid=1070602109, Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2009).