A Young Scientist's Journey after a Stroke, Care by the Numbers: Skilled Nursing versus Inpatient Rehabilitation, WSJ: Recognizing Aphasia and Seeking Treatment, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab Ranked No. This study addresses current gaps by first identifying standardised assessments used by occupational therapists with older adults to measure function and then appraising the measurement properties of each. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 19-32. BMC Health Serv Res. The requirement to demonstrate effectiveness. ISBN: 978-1-118-70969-6 Chapter 1: The importance of accurate assessment and outcome measurement (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT). Assessment is fundamental to effective occupational therapy practice. Fourteen different standardised measures and two non-standardised measures were utilised. We discuss what patient-reported outcomes measures are and. Assessing the ADL functioning of persons with Alzheimers disease: Comparison of family informants rating and performance-based assessment findings. The students avoided documenting any protected information as designated by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act identifiers. 3. no adjustments to instruction. (1995). In order to measure change, the assessment has to be standardised: developed through research. Reliability of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs OT) Self-care scale. The success and effectiveness of occupational therapy services in improving clients' occupational performance and participation are demonstrated through outcomes. La Trobe University, Melbourne. al, 2002; n = 42; Age Range 5 7; Kindergarten students from five public schools), Children with No Known Disabilities: (Peny-Dahlstrand, Gosman-Hedstrom & Krumlinde-Sundholm, 2010), Developmental Delays (Kang et al., 2008; n = 33; Mean Age = 6.1 (1.9) years; Korean sample), Children With or Without Mild Disabilities: (Gantschnig, Page, Nilsson & Fisher, 2013; n = 10,998; Mean Age = 8.7 (3.2) years; Sample selected from the international AMPS database), Excellent significance between two groups in mean ADL process ability measures (p < .001, t = -4.296), Children with No Known Disabilities (Poulson, 1996; n = 162), Goodness of fit; 90% to AMPS-M, 95% to AMPS-P, Children With or Without Mild Disabilities: (Gantschnig, Page, Nilsson & Fisher, 2013), Big Change (Cohens d = 0.81 to 0.98) for 12-15 year olds in ADL motor ability, Big Change (Cohens d = 0.83 to 1.26) for 6-15 year olds in ADL process ability, Children with No Known Disabilities: (Peny-Dahlstrand, Gosman-Hedstrom & Krumlinde-Sundholm, 2012; n = 4613; Age Range 3-15 years; Subset of the AMPS Project International Database, North American (n = 2239) and Nordic (n = 2374) children ), Community Dwelling Adults (Merritt, 2011; n = 38,540, Randomly-selected subset of AMPS Project International database), Mixed Population: (Gantschnig, Page & Fisher, 2012; n = 145489; Mean Age = 54.06 (24.43) years; Sample from the international AMPS database), Mixed Population: (Fisher & Jones, 2012; n = 148158; Age Range = 3 - 103; Sample from international AMPS database), Community-Dwelling: (Goto, Fisher & Mayberry, 1996; n = 10; Mean Age = 28.9 (3.98) years; Mean time living in United States = 12.4 (8.8) months; Japanese sample living in the United States for less than 3 years), Community-Dwelling: (Fisher, Liu, Velozo & Pan, 1992; n = 20; Mean Age = 28.5 (3.32) years; Non-disabled Taiwanese sample living in United States for less than 3 years), Mixed Population: (Fisher & Jones, 2012), Community Dwelling Adults (Merritt, 2011), Mixed Population: (Gantschnig, Page & Fisher, 2012), Multiple Sclerosis: (Doble et al., 1994; n = 44Mean Age = 44.5 (12.3) years, Mean Duration of Self-Reported MS = 19.9 (12.4) years), Atchinson, B., Fisher, A. The results on their utility from this study were mixed but the general consensus was that although quick and easy to administer, the selected outcome measures did not help with discharge decision making or discharge planning. It underpins all subsequent decisions including agreeing individualised goals and selecting appropriate interventions. Timing of assessment in the therapy process. Stroke Outcome Measures Overview Introduction Measuring the effectiveness of interventions is accepted as being central to good practice. AusTOMs for Occupational Therapy. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 20, 182- 189. (2012). Hoyer, E.H., Needham, D.M., Atanelov, L., Knox, B., Friedman, M., & Brotman, D.J. Unsworth, C.A., & Duncombe, D. (2007). Without a robust, standardised outcome measure, it is extremely challenging to track . Based on the current literature, there is significant variability in the use of standardized tools to measure OT outcomes at the time of discharge from the acute inpatient hospital. Results: Background: Hereditary ataxia syndromes can result in significant speech impairment, a symptom thought to be responsive to treatment. The AMPS assesses the quality of the persons ADL performance by rating the effort, efficiency, safety, and independence of 16 ADL motor and 20 ADL process skill items. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) is an observational assessment that measures the performance quality of tasks related to activities of daily living (ADL) in a natural environment. Mobility and function are central factors in discharge decision making for OT. Characteristics of therapeutic alliance in musculoskeletal physiotherapy and occupational therapy practice: a scoping review of the literature. In this study, a non-standardised assessment tool to measure severity of disability was compared with a standardised tool to assesswhether there were differences in outcomes and what, if any, were the consequences for service entitlement. Domestic life- outside house 10. Prerequisite course work. Assessment and outcome measurement goals for effective practice. No. The assignment of numbers for the purposes of assessment. (2016). Would you like email updates of new search results? Smith-Gabai, H. (2016). This page presents the best available information on how outcome measures for stroke might be classified and selected for use, based upon their measurement qualities. & Bryze, K. (1998). OTs role in acute care setting includes but is not limited to facilitating early mobilization, restoring function, preventing further decline, and coordinating care on transition and discharge planning. Toll-Free U.S. The aim of this study was to identify the outcome measures used by OTs in acute inpatient hospital settings and to explore factors that impact the use of outcome measures. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted After Friday 19 November 2021, you will need to register for a new website account so you can log in and access the member-exclusive section and webpages on the website. AusTOMs for Occupational Therapy (3rd ed.). 2019 Dec 26;7(24):4420-4425. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i24.4420. A change of .5 to 1 point on any of the 4 domains of the AusTOMs-OT scale is considered clinically important. AusTOMs for Occupational Therapy (2nd ed.). (2015). Cross-regional validation of the school version of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills. Functional competence of community-dwelling persons with multiple sclerosis using the assessment of motor and process skills. There is a chapter describing and applying models for categorizing levels of function to aid assessment and measurement. Current pressures to document outcomes and demonstrate the efficacy of occupational therapy intervention arise from fiscal restraints as much as from the humanitarian desire to . SE1 1LB. We have reviewed nearly 300 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others. Functional walking and mobility 3. The Activity Measure of Post-Acute Care is the most commonly used standardized assessment. World J Clin Cases. The use of standardised versus non-standardised assessments. Epub 2013 Oct 11. Reliability of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for quantifying disability and health. Introduction: Purpose. The review was completed by searching six databases using occupational therapy-related and QOL-related terms. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038121003615327, https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616. The OSA is an evaluation tool and outcome measure based on the Model of Human Occupation (Kielhofner, 2002). Factors that impact the use of outcome measures include: challenges selecting the appropriate outcome measure; too time consuming for patients to complete and difficult to complete independently, short length of stay, limited time for therapists to complete the evaluation, fast-paced and dynamic environment (different floors, different teams/members), timing problems where patients undergoing tests/procedures were off the floor, and patients were medically unstable at the time of the attempted/scheduled evaluation. (2014). European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: A quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147980. & FIsher, A.G. (1996). Applying concepts of levels of measurement to your own practice. The AusTOMs-OT is a measure ofglobal functional outcomes for clients of all ages, all diagnoses and in all settings. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78(12), 1309-1315. doi: 10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90302-6, Pan, A. However, our students were asked to use at least the outcome measures being used at the acute care hospitals they were at, and they worked closed with the OTs working there to make sure the data collected were accurate enough. Detecting differences in activities of daily living between children with and without mild disabilities. For consideration, courses: Must be completed by June 15 and transcripts submitted on or before June 30 prior to matriculation. This study is part of the devel- opment of a performance-based outcome assessment called the Spinal Cord Injury-Movement Index (SCI-MI). Download Product Flyer is to download PDF in new tab. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Follow us on Facebook @rehaboutcomes and Twitter @rehab_outcomes for more information about the Rehabilitation Measure Database and our other grants at the Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research. Aust Occup Ther J. With the growing requirement to objectively measure impairments and utilize standardized measures to confirm patient changes, the ability to integrate and use outcome measures is a key skill necessary for today's successful practice. 2013 Jun;80(3):141-9. doi: 10.1177/0008417413497906. Chapter 6: Validity and clinical utility (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT). VT-ART delivers focused, high-dose radiation, usually in a single fraction of 25 Gy, allowing . Parallel form reliability (equivalent or alternate form). Seven articles included a definition of QOL. Before The material used for this study was supported by Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Harold Hamm Diabetes Center at University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Carols Individual Treatment Plans: Occupational Therapy. ). BAYLEY SCALES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT (BSID) Section GG outcome measures are utilized in all post-acute care (PAC) settings for Medicare beneficiaries to track progress across the continuum of care. Chapter 12: The Final Case Study: Carol experience of a Chronic Pain Service (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD DipCOT, Gail Brooke, Dip Phys, Cert in Health Service management, and Heather Shaw, DipCOT). Chapter 8: Test administration, reporting and recording (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT and Rachael Hargreaves, BSc(Hons) SROT). The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55(6), 649-655. doi:10.5014/ajot.55.6.649, Merritt, B. K. (2011). Strokespecific executive function assessment: A literature review of performancebased tools. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 85, 365-376. The outcome measures used by the students included: modified Functional Independence Measure (two settings), the Functional Independence Measure (one setting), the Boston University 6 click AM-PAC (one setting), the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (one setting), and self-reported goals by patients (one setting). They generate numerical data which can be What is important to patients in palliative care? Chapter 10: The importance of clinical reasoning and reflective practice in effective assessment (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT and Karen Innes, BSc OT, DMS, Cert Counselling). The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 48(9)775-780. doi:10.5014/ajot.48.9.775, Poulin, V., KornerBitensky, N., & Dawson, D. R. (2013). The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) is an observational assessment that measures the performance quality of tasks related to activities of daily living (ADL) in a natural environment. (Occupational Health, March 2008). Occupational therapy discharge assessment of elderly patients from acute care hospitals. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills Applied Cross Culturally to the Japanese. Most authors defined QOL as a multidimensional construct, comprised of varying domains. Differences between persons with right or left cerebral vascular accident on the Assessment of Motor and Process. tested for validity and reliability. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 15(4), 351- 364. The particular challenges to occupational therapy (OT) practitioners working in acute care settings are a limited number of therapy visits and quick discharge. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78(9), 570-575. Unsworth, C.A., & Duncombe, D. (2014). The influence of the level of task demand. Or Call Toll-Free Questions for undertaking a Test Critique. Alison Laver-Fawcett, PhD, OT(C)), DipCOT, SROT currently Modernisation Manager, Service Development (Provider Services) and Interim Professional Lead for Occupational Therapy, North Yorkshire and York Primary Care Trust. Cross-Cultural Validation of Health and Quality of Life Measures for Children in Hong Kong. Case study: Mrs Ellis Initial Assessment Process by Karen Innes and Alison Laver Fawcett. Outcome measures can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of our interventions and services by identifying whether change has occurred over time. Section GG - Medicare Self-Care Measures Reference. PMC Copyright 2023 Royal College of Occupational Therapists. Summary of the results other team members assessments. Unsworth, C.A., Coulson, M., Swinton, L., Cole, H., & Sarigiannis, M. (2015). Philanthropic support truly drives our mission and vision. (1996). Chapter 2: Methods of assessment and sources of assessment data(Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT, Sally Payne, MSc, BSc, DipCOT and Claire Howell, BScOT (Hons)). Factors impacting the use of outcome measures were identified as: 1) challenges selecting the appropriate outcome measure; 2) too time consuming for patients to complete and difficult to complete independently; 3) short length of stay; 4) limited time for therapists to complete the evaluation; 5) fast-paced and dynamic environment (different floors, different teams/members); 6) timing problems where patients undergoing tests/procedures were off the floor; 7) and patients were medically unstable at the time of the attempted/scheduled evaluation. Unsworth, C.A., & Duncombe, D. (2004). The AMPS is comprised of 16 motor and 20 process skill items. Only three settings documented both baseline and discharge outcome measurement data. Using an IADL assessment to identify older adults who need a behind-the-wheel driving evaluation. If this is an emergency, please dial 911. They acknowledged the benefits and necessity of a standardized tool but felt this would be difficult due to the medical acuity for acute care patients, the diversity of diagnoses, and the difficulty of finding outcome measures that encompass all aspects related to discharge. Criterion approach: Allied health therapists: 1 point (Unsworth, 2015; n=30 (n=25 occupational therapists); Mean Age=71.52 (14.71); Participants most commonly had between 11 and 20 years experience in their respective disciplines (43.3%, n=13), with 30% (n=9) with 10 years experience or less and 20% (n=6) with 2130 years experience. Thanks for helping us invest in our patients. What are 5 things about dynamic assessments? A qualitative study of clinical decision making in recommending discharge placement from the acute care setting. Outcome measures can be used to. Step 7: Client feedback about the test results and implications. and transmitted securely. Rater reliability and internal scale and person response validity of the school assessment of motor and process skills. In January 2018, U.S. News & World Report ranked occupational therapy is 11th of the 100 best jobs for 2018. There are some limitations to this study. OTs agree that they were unfamiliar with any standardized outcome measurement currently available that addressed the diversity of patients in acute care. VAT Reg. United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore, Sweden). Wades (1988) 4-level model for people with stroke. self-report, proxy) for collecting information about clients are then reviewed, and the main purposes of assessment (e.g. Diagnostic reasoning and the therapy diagnosis. Examples of assessments that use information from a proxy. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 44(2): 151-157. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0915, Gantischnig, B.E., Page, J., Nilsson, I., & Fisher, A.G. (2013). Copyright 2000-2023 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., or related companies. The Use of Non-Standardised Assessments in Occupational Therapy with Children Who Have Disabilities: A Perspective. Clinical reasoning as an essential component of practice. Your gift of Ability affects everythingwe do every day at Shirley Ryan AbilityLab from the highest-quality clinical care and groundbreaking research to community programs that improve quality of life. Headings for writing a report on a standardised test administration. Developing a short form of the Berg Balance Scale for people with stroke. Blaga, L., & Robertson, L. (2008). Linking improving your assessment practice to continuing professional development. Perry, A., Morris, M., Unsworth, C., Duckett, S., Skeat, J., Dodd, K., Taylor, N. & Riley, K. (2004). 1-844-355-ABLE. Go to citation Crossref . Scott (2006) also studied Scale 7. Limitless? International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The average length of stay was 6.607.43 days. This scoping review explored the definitions and measures used within occupational therapy quantitative intervention research to evaluate QOL as an outcome. Albert, S., Castillo-Castaneda, C., Sano, M., Jacobs, D., Marder, K., Bell, K et al. Despite the rare incorporation of standardized outcome measures in acute care settings, OT students and therapists were willing to further explore the benefits of the standardized tools. & Fisher, A. 2017 May 30;17(1):375. doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2311-3. doi:10.1080/J148v24n04_03, McNulty, M.C. Analysing your current assessment practice. The use of outcome measures to demonstrate changes in patient's functional ability as well as evaluating service effectiveness is crucial for the profession to work in an evidence based practice manner. 3. adjustments can be graded (harder or easier) doi:10.1177/153944920202200205, Marom, B., Jarus, T. & Josman, N. (2006). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 2, 64-75. Demonstrated concern for individuals from diverse backgrounds and their . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 76, 1144-1151. doi: 10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80124-3. Poulson T. Validity of the AMPS for Children and Adolescents. Chapter 3: Purposes of assessment and measurement (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT and Karen Innes, BSc OT, DMS, Cert Counselling). Communication, insight and capacity issues. Classroom-based assessment: Validation for the School AMPS. Fourteen different standardised measures and two non-standardised measures were utilised. Needs assessment - considering wider populations. We have reviewed nearly 300 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others. (2015). Eighteen publications met the inclusion criteria. Chapter 11:Implementing the optimum assessment and measurement approach (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT). Bachelor's or Master's degree from a regionally accredited institution. Case study: service evaluation - The Development and initial evaluation of a Memory Activity and Self Help (MASH) Group by Karen Innes and Alison Laver Fawcett. Physical Therapy, 83(3), 224-236. An ethnographic study indicated that non-standardized functional-based outcome measures are the most frequently used method in discharge assessment with inconsistency in the use of standardized tools at acute care settings (Crennan & MacRae, 2010). Dysarthria affects the ability of individuals to . Or Call Toll-Free A randomized controlled trial. Training and interpreting standardised test scores. Labels used for providers and recipients of therapy services. Assessment is a key component of the curriculum in both OT and physiotherapy undergraduate training, Embodies current thinking on a shift towards standardized assessment as well as client-centred practice, Evaluates methods of test critique using case studies and provides sources for published tests, Reviews models of function (eg National Council for Medical Rehabilitation 5 level model, WHO ICDIH-2 International Classification of Impairments). Shirley Ryan AbilityLab does not provide emergency medical services. Confidence interval of 95% = (+ 0.49) and (+ 0.39) logits respectively. It justifies the importance of taking a robust approach towards outcome measurement, and contains sections on validity, reliability and the often-overlooked aspect of clinical utility." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 44(11), 1342-1347. Care-giver and parent burden scales). Examining validity and clinical utility issues: test examples. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 68(8), 354- 366. If this is an emergency, please dial 911. The book then addresses the topics of standardisation, levels of measurement, reliability, validity and clinical utility. Using a semi-structured interview, the COPM is a five step process which measures individual, client-identified problem areas in daily function. Purpose. Change data has been published for clients with Diseases of nervous system, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system and Injury/poisoning (Unsworth, 2005b; Abu-Awad, 2014; Chen, 2015). The smallest observable action of an occupation performed is called performance skills. EBRSR Review by ICF By not using standardized outcome measurement tools, the value and benefits of OT services, such as ADL and IADL training, patient and caregiver education, and training to use adapted equipment/assistive devices is anecdotal at best. Further research is needed to identify or develop outcome measures suited for use by OTs in acute inpatient hospital settings. Administration instructions are detailed in the manual available on the website. In all six settings, OT students provided ADL training (bathing/showering, toileting and toilet hygiene, dressing, functional mobility, personal hygiene and grooming). 496Pages, Request permission to reuse content from this site. Changes from start (goal start, or admission) are compared to scores on discharge (goal end, or discharge). A paediatric assessment involves two essential features: an observational study of a child carrying out specific tasks . Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Extracurricular and interpersonal life experiences. There is research suggesting this may be due to the outcome measurement tools being more time consuming than informal methods, or lack of familiarity of the OT with the standardized outcome measurement tools (Jette, et al., 2014; Robertson & Blaga, 2013; Smith-Gabai, 2016). The type of speech impairment most commonly reported in hereditary ataxias is dysarthria. The Royal College of Occupational Therapists (or 'RCOT') is a registered charity in England and Wales (275119) and in Scotland (SCO39573) and a company registered in England (No. Description of the therapy diagnosis / problem. On today's episode we discuss the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) with Brocha Stern and Craig Velozo. Validity of using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills to estimate overall home safety in persons with psychiatric conditions. (1994). The average length of stay was 6.607.43 days. Comparing the responsiveness of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills and the Functional Independence Measure. Download Product Flyer is to download PDF in new tab. Become an occupational therapist brochure, Tips for your occupational therapy application, Degree Level Apprenticeship in Occupational Therapy, Join World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT), Tax relief and insurance for RCOT members, Senior leadership team and member get togethers, RCOT SS - Children, Young People and Families, Becoming an independent practitioner (member stories), RCOT SS - People with Learning Disabilities, RCOT SS - Trauma and Musculoskeletal Health, NHS issues advice for private practitioners wanting to return to work in the NHS, Preparing your child for returning to school, Practice placements crucial for sustaining the workforce supply pipeline, Recovering from COVID-19: Post-viral fatigue and conserving energy guides, Preparing for a return to school - how occupational therapists can help, RCOT supporting and safeguarding members returning to work during the pandemic, Scope of practice things to consider during COVID-19, Your health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 crisis, Joint call for Personal Protective Equipment for AHPs and Social Care, Financial support announced for self-employed, Emergency Bill to strengthen COVID-19 response plans becomes law, Government issues ethical framework for Adult Social Cares response to COVID 19, Inspire future occupational therapists: #ChooseOT, Professional practice enquiries service - FAQs, American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT), Australian Occupational Therapy Journal (AOTJ), Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy (CJOT). Cultural issues and self-report data collection. Scale 7. Out of the 32 second year OT students, seven of them completed fieldwork at six acute inpatient hospital settings providing OT for 205 patients, including 99 male and 106 female patients with an average age of 63.2915.86. Copyright 2018 RESNA 1700 N. Moore St., Suite 1540, Arlington, VA 22209-1903, Phone: (703) 524-6686 - Fax: (703) 524-6630, https://www.aota.org/-/media/corporate/files/aboutot/professionals/whatisot/rdp/facts/acute-care.pdf. Scores in outcome measures. Scott, F., Unsworth, C.A., Fricke, J., Taylor, N. (2006). With 30+ sites in Illinois, we may be closer than you think! A review and critique of well-being in occupational therapy and occupational science. Occupational therapy assessments used in acute physical care settings, Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 20(2), 127-135. government site. No significant correlation for changes in FIM motor scores changes detected using the AMPS motor scale (, No significant correlation for changes detected by the FIM cognitive scale and those detected by the AMPS process scale (, No ceiling effects found for the AMPS motor and process scales. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 6(3), 111-118. doi:10.1080/110381299443690, Haslam, J., Pepin, G., Bourbonnais, R., & Grignon, S. (2010). Ventricular tachycardia ablation through radiation therapy (VT-ART) for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia seems promising, effective, and safe. Use of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) in an early supported discharge program for stroke patients in Singapore. If practices, score must be cautiously interpreted, If client has never learned how to perform ADL task, there is a chance to learn and practice the ADL task before AMPS is completed, AMPS score forms are available in English, German, Spanish, French, Dutch, and Slovenian, Process scores below the 1.0 log-odd probability units (logit) scale indicate poorer process functioning, Motor scores below the 2.0 log-odd probability units (logit) scale indicate poorer motor functioning. Determination of the minimum clinically important difference on the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT)? (2005a). The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 56(2), 210-213. doi:10.5014/ajot.56.2.210, Fioravanti, A. M., Bordignon, C. M., Pettit, S. M., Woodhouse, L. J., & Ansley, B. J. The relationship between the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and the Large Cognitive Level (LACL) test in clients with stroke. 1-844-355-ABLE. (2020). 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