which countries use the cyrillic alphabet

Omissions? I would say at least seventy percent of people use Latin alphabet, but Cyrillic is the official/primary alphabet and all state institutions are obliged to use it. What is more, this alphabet is the sole official script across the EU's eastern border, in Belarus, the Russian . Yes, it's Russian, but Russian isn't the only language to use this script. The Cyrillic script is derived from the Greek uncial script letters, augmented by ligatures and consonants from the older Glagolitic alphabet for sounds not found in Greek. People still know and use Cyrillic. Instead, these are represented by the digraphs , u, and , respectively. In 1900, Cyrillic was used by 111.2 million people (105 million in the Russian . The creator is Saint Clement of Ohrid from the Preslav literary school in the First Bulgarian Empire. If this seems too tricky, many computers have a phonetic keyboard option, so you dont have to remember where new sounds fit on your Latin-alphabet keyboard. Each letter has an assigned sound and a name. Unlike the Latin script, which is usually adapted to different languages by adding diacritical marks/supplementary glyphs (such as accents, umlauts, fadas, tildes and cedillas) to standard Roman letters, by assigning new phonetic values to existing letters (e.g. Cyrillic script spread throughout the East Slavic and some South Slavic territories, being adopted for writing local languages, such as Old East Slavic. c, whose original value in Latin was /k/, represents /ts/ in West Slavic languages, // in Somali, /t/ in many African languages and /d/ in Turkish), or by the use of digraphs (such as sh, ch, ng and ny), the Cyrillic script is usually adapted by the creation of entirely new letter shapes. Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian and Serbian diasporas all over the world still make use of the alphabet. Click Here to see full-size tableAs the Slavic languages were richer in sounds than Greek, 43 letters were originally provided to represent them; the added letters were modifications or combinations of Greek letters or (in the case of the Cyrillic letters for ts, sh, and ch) were based on Hebrew. He removed some of the letters, like and , along with several forms of the letter . Few fonts include glyphs sufficient to reproduce the alphabet. Hello , your registration is almost complete. Since the script was conceived and popularised by the followers of Cyril and Methodius, rather than by Cyril and Methodius themselves, its name denotes homage rather than authorship. In Daniels and Bright, eds. Variations of the Cyrillic alphabet are used for at least 50 languages, in countries including Turkmenistan, Russia, Ukraine, Khazakstan and Belarus. [citation needed], A number of languages written in a Cyrillic alphabet have also been written in a Latin alphabet, such as Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Serbian and Romanian (in the Republic of Moldova until 1989, in the Danubian Principalities throughout the 19th century). Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. The Slavic languages, spoken by some 315 million people. It only stands next to Latin and the Greek scripts as the important official scripts in the European Union. From 1941 the Cyrillic script was used exclusively. Numerous Cyrillic alphabets are based on the Cyrillic script. Bosnia was biscriptal. Some Bulgarian intellectuals, notably Stefan Tsanev, have expressed concern over this, and have suggested that the Cyrillic script be called the "Bulgarian alphabet" instead, for the sake of historical accuracy.[10]. ), it never indicates /j/ in native words. Which countries use Russian letters? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. On food packaging made in Russia today Kazakh language is still in Cyrillic, though a planned shift to Latin has been declared. What is the Cyrillic alphabet? The Cyrillic alphabet is used for the Chuvash language since the late 19th century, with some changes in 1938. Bulgarian. Like the word, seems like hoc, but it means nos, which implies nose. The Cyrillic letters , , , , , , and are not used in native Kazakh words, but only for Russian loans. The reasons for this switch and the need for it are diverse. Cyrillic alphabet, writing system developed in the 9th10th century ce for Slavic-speaking peoples of the Eastern Orthodox faith. Which countries still use Cyrillic script? The Cyrillic alphabet does of course cover a wide variety of languages and variants. Today there are 12 Slavic languages: Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Serbo-Croatian. Short History of the Cyrillic Alphabet. More than 250 million people in more than 20 countries make use of it. En definitiva, como sucede con la mayora de las cosas, el progreso viene de la exposicin y la prctica extendida. Si quieres dar un paso ms, puedes aadir calcomanas de letras cirlicas a tu teclado para practicar mientras escribes. Just like how in Spanish, you'll see , and in French, you'll see , you'll find some symbols in the Cyrillic script that show up in some languages' alphabets and not others! One of the reasons behind the same is the weird look of some of the alphabetic characters. Cyrillic alphabets used by Slavic languages can be divided into two categories: Before 1918, there were four extra letters in use: (replaced by ), ( "Fita", replaced by ), ( "Yat", replaced by ), and ( "Izhitsa", replaced by ); these were eliminated by reforms of Russian orthography. 24/05/2021. The non-Latin letters, including Cyrillic, were removed from the alphabet in 1982 and replaced with Latin letters that closely resembled the letters they replaced. See full answer below. As of 2019[update], around 250million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. Esta historia llena de variaciones empieza en el siglo IX en Bulgaria con el Tsar Boris I, quien quera que los blgaros adoptaran el cristianismo sin sacrificar su idioma y cultura. The following list some of these language differences. Currently, Cyrillic is in use by more than 50 languages, including Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Kazakh, Turkmen, and . . The Cyrillic script currently used for Kazakh has 42 symbols (33 derived from the Russian alphabet plus nine for additional Kazakh sounds). 11324: "Es interesante el hecho que en Bulgaria se imprimieron unas pocas publicaciones en alfabeto cirlico blgaro y en Grecia en alfabeto griego Nezirovi (1992: 128) anota que tambin en Bosnia se ha encontrado un documento en que la lengua sefard est escrita en alfabeto cirilico." Currently, Cyrillic is in use by more than 50 languages, including Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Kazakh, Turkmen, and many more. A great place to start learning is Duolingos own Ukrainian and Russian courses! Unicode approximations are used in the faux row to ensure it can be rendered properly across all systems. [26] The pre-reform letterforms, called '', were notably retained in Church Slavonic and are sometimes used in Russian even today, especially if one wants to give a text a 'Slavic' or 'archaic' feel. The Cyrillic alphabet is based on the Greek alphabet, and about a dozen more letters were created to represent Slavic sounds that aren't found in Greek. also adopted Cyrillic alphabets, and during the Great Purge in the late 1930s, all of the Latin alphabets of the peoples of the Soviet Union were switched to Cyrillic as well (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were occupied and annexed by Soviet Union in 1940, and were not affected by this change). Tengo muchos anotadores de mi escuela secundaria llenos con mi nombre escrito como . Hoy, casi 50 idiomas en todas partes del este de Europa, Asia Central y Siberia usan el cirlico como su alfabeto oficial. A quick calculation shows that about 2.6 billion people (36% of the world population) use the Latin alphabet, about 1.3 billion people (18%) use the Chinese script, about 1 billion people (14%) use the Devanagari script (India), about 1 billion people (14%) use the Arabic alphabet, about 0.3 billion people (4%) use the Cyrillic alphabet and about 0.25 billion people (3.5%) use the Dravidian . ), Bosnia and Herzegovina has three official languages, Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian, which are used with both Latin and Cyrillic, Albanian is written in Latin script in Kosovo, but Serbian in Cyrillic, Kazakh language will be transitioned to a Latin script from 2023 to 2031. The Slavic alphabet, also called the Cyrillic alphabet or Cyrillic script, is a writing system used in many languages of Eurasia (Europe and Asia). They developed out of the dialects of Proto-Slavic. The oldest Cyrillic alphabet was developed in 683 A.D. by the Byzantine monk and saint Cyril. Later, some Slavs modified it and added/excluded letters from it to better suit the needs of their own language varieties. It was also transferred from Bulgaria and adopted by the East Slavic languages in Kievan Rus' and evolved into the Russian alphabet and the alphabets of many other Slavic (and later non-Slavic) languages. It was first developed on the initiative of Czar Simon the Great of Bulgaria. Una de las mejores formas de aprender son los cursos de ruso y ucraniano en Duolingo! Which EU countries use Cyrillic alphabet? Today, nearly 50 languages throughout parts of Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Siberia use Cyrillic as their official script. The Russian government has mandated that Cyrillic must be used for all public communications in all federal subjects of Russia, to promote closer ties across the federation. [8] Since the beginning of the 1990s Mongolia has been making attempts to extend the rather limited use of Mongol script and the most recent National Plan for Mongol Script aims to bring its use to the same level as Cyrillic by 2025 and maintain a dual-script system (digraphia).[9]. Cyrillic fonts, as well as Latin ones, have roman and italic types (practically all popular modern fonts include parallel sets of Latin and Cyrillic letters, where many glyphs, uppercase as well as lowercase, are shared by both). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The early Cyrillic alphabet was developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 9th century AD (in all probability in Ravna Monastery) at the Preslav Literary School by Saint Clement of Ohrid and Saint Naum and replaced the earlier Glagolitic script developed by the Byzantine theologians Cyril and Methodius (in all probability in Polychron). . [citation needed]. Cyrillic is derived from the Greek uncial script, augmented by letters from the older Glagolitic alphabet, including some ligatures. In the early 18th century, the Cyrillic script used in Russia was heavily reformed by Peter the Great, who had recently returned from his Grand Embassy in Western Europe. is used on rare occasions (only after a consonant [and] before the vowel ""), such as in the words '' (canyon), '' (driver), etc. Nowadays, over 300 million people use Cyrillic alphabet in 12 countries. In Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, the use of Cyrillic to write local languages has often been a politically controversial issue since the collapse of the Soviet Union, as it evokes the era of Soviet rule and Russification. Translation: "It is an interesting fact that in Bulgaria a few [Sephardic] publications are printed in the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet and in Greece in the Greek alphabet Nezirovi (1992:128) writes that in Bosnia a document has also been found in which the Sephardic language is written in the Cyrillic alphabet. While these languages largely have phonemic orthographies, there are occasional exceptionsfor example, Russian is pronounced /v/ in a number of words, an orthographic relic from when they were pronounced // (e.g. Do all Slavic countries use the Cyrillic alphabet? Around 1200 CE, Proto-Tai came into contact with another language called Old Khmer; the result was a language now known as Old Thai. Cyrillic handwriting, 17th century . Under the provisions of that law, Latin would become an auxiliary script. For centuries, Cyrillic was also used by Catholic and Muslim Slavs (see Bosnian Cyrillic). As a Romanian, I'm also aware that our country underwent a similar process in the 19th century, when we transitioned from the Cyrillic script to the Latin alphabet. The characters in the range U+0460 to U+0489 are historic letters, not used now. In Russian, syllabaries, especially the Japanese kana, are commonly referred to as 'syllabic azbukas' rather than 'syllabic scripts'. Tal como en espaol tenemos la y en el francs aparece la , algunos smbolos del cirlico aparecen en los alfabetos de algunos idiomas pero en otros no. Between Ze ( ) and I ( ) is the letter, Between Es ( ) and Te ( ) is the letter, The letter Dze ( ), from Macedonian, is used in scientific literature when representing the, = the second element of closing diphthongs (, , etc.) [12] Modern scholars believe that the Early Cyrillic alphabet was created at the Preslav Literary School, the most important early literary and cultural center of the First Bulgarian Empire and of all Slavs: Unlike the Churchmen in Ohrid, Preslav scholars were much more dependent upon Greek models and quickly abandoned the Glagolitic scripts in favor of an adaptation of the Greek uncial to the needs of Slavic, which is now known as the Cyrillic alphabet. Today, Cyrillic is known as one of the most popular writing systems of the world. 'The Lives of St. Tsurho and St. Strahota', Bohemia, 1495, Vatican Library, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 21:14. Letters became distinguished between upper and lower case. A Byzantine monk named Saint Cyril created the Cyrillic alphabet in around 683 AD. In other Slavic languages that use the Cyrillic script, the sounds are represented by Ye ( ), which represents in Russian and Belarusian [je] in initial and postvocalic position or [e] and palatalizes the preceding consonant. The current form of the Cyrillic Alphabet saw first use in 1708 during Peter the Great of Russia's reign. On this page are stamps inscribed using Cyrillic writing. Historically, the Croatian language briefly used the Cyrillic script in areas with large Croatian language or Bosnian language populations.[4]. Cyrillic is the de facto script used along side Latin. Updates? Turkeys neighbors Bulgaria, Greece, Armenia, Georgia, Syria, and Azerbaijan are using Cyrillic (), Greek (), Armenian ( ), Georgian (), Arabic () and . . El cirlico suele asociarse con los idiomas eslavos como el ruso y el blgaro, pero aunque el alfabeto fue diseado para los idiomas en esa familia, esa no es una regla rgida. Este no era el alfabeto cirlico que conocemos hoy en da: se llama alfabeto glagoltico y se ve muy diferente del cirlico moderno. lowercase italic Cyrillic , may look like small-capital italic T. It is used in business, government, and other official documents. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Cyrillic In Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, Czech and Slovak, the Cyrillic alphabet is also known as azbuka, derived from the old names of the first two letters of most Cyrillic alphabets (just as the term alphabet came from the first two Greek letters alpha and beta). With so many languages that contain so many unique sounds using this script, there is no "one size fits all" set of letters that can satisfy everyone. The script is named in honor of the Saint Cyril, one of the two Byzantine brothers, Saints Cyril and Methodius, who created the Glagolitic alphabet earlier on. On food packaging made in Russia today Kazakh language is still in Cyrillic, though a planned shift to Latin ha. Related alphabets based on Cyrillic scripts, This article is about the variants of the Cyrillic alphabet. Your email address will not be published. Over the last century, the alphabet used to write Kildin Smi has changed three times: from Cyrillic to Latin and back again to Cyrillic. Today, many languages in the Balkans, Eastern Europe, and northern Eurasia are written in Cyrillic alphabets. En ese entonces, los textos religiosos solo estaban disponibles en griego, el idioma de los vecinos de Boris en el Imperio bizantino. Some currency signs have derived from Cyrillic letters: The development of Cyrillic typography passed directly from the medieval stage to the late Baroque, without a Renaissance phase as in Western Europe. This script is called Cyrillic, and is used in many Slavic and Turkic languages. It is currently used exclusively or as one of several alphabets for more than 50 languages, notably Belarusian, Bulgarian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Montenegrin (spoken in Montenegro; also called Serbian), Russian, Serbian, Tajik (a dialect of Persian), Turkmen, Ukrainian, and Uzbek. Used by more than 250 . You might notice that several Cyrillic letters look and sound extremely similar to letters in the Latin alphabet. 1 What countries use the Cyrillic alphabet? Writing system developed in Bulgaria and used for various languages of Eurasia, This article is about the alphabet. (Psst: if you want a quick refresher on the International Phonetic Alphabet, or IPA, check this out.). In 1918, more unnecessary letters were removed, leaving the alphabet in its current state in many Slavic Orthodox countries. The name of this alphabet is derived from St.Cyril, who with his brother St.Methodius lead the conversion of the Slavic peoples in the 9th century. Plovdiv. Bulgarian and Bosnian Sephardim without Hebrew typefaces occasionally printed Judeo-Spanish in Cyrillic.[1]. This is known in Russia as the second South-Slavic influence. If he could find a new script for Slavic languages, Boris could have religious texts translated, and Bulgarians could practice Christianity in their mother tongue. by having an ascender or descender or by using rounded arcs instead of sharp corners. Quizs hayas notado que muchas letras cirlicas se ven y suenan muy similar a letras del alfabeto latino. Meaning: n. an alphabet derived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages. Cyrillic spread among other Slavic peoples, as well as among non-Slavic Vlachs. It is now possible to learn the Cyrillic alphabets via online tutorials available over the web as well. Sounds are transcribed in the IPA. In 1708, Peter the Great, one of the Czars of Russia, introduced lower case characters, and made it mandatory to use Westernized letter forms. If you can't find any email from us, note that it might have been ended up in your spam folder. An apostrophe () is used to indicate depalatalization, The letter combinations Dzh() and Dz() appear after D() in the Belarusian alphabet in some publications. Cyrillic uppercase and lowercase letter forms are not as differentiated as in Latin typography. The Cyrillic alphabet and Slavic literacy are traditionally celebrated on the feast day of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 11 May in Eastern Orthodox countries and 5 July in Roman Catholic countries. The new script became the basis of alphabets used in various languages in Orthodox Church-dominated Eastern Europe, both Slavic and non-Slavic languages (such as Romanian, until the 1860s). The earliest literature written in Cyrillic was translations of parts of the Bible and various church texts. Among the general public, it is often called "the Russian alphabet," because Russian is the most popular and influential alphabet based on the script. It has been used in Bulgaria (with modifications and exclusion of certain archaic letters via spelling reforms) continuously since then, superseding the previously used Glagolitic alphabet, which was also invented and used there before the Cyrillic script overtook its use as a written script for the Bulgarian language. Click Here to see full-size tableThe modern Cyrillic alphabetsRussian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, and Serbianhave been modified somewhat from the original, generally by the loss of some superfluous letters. Mongolia and Russia, based on the use of Cyrillic alphabet text. South Slavic Cyrillic alphabets (with the exception of Bulgarian) are generally derived from Serbian Cyrillic. Try using Cyrillic letters to write your name! Variations of the Cyrillic alphabet are used for at least 50 languages, in countries including Turkmenistan, Russia, Ukraine, Khazakstan and Belarus. Ultimately, like learning most things, improvement comes with extended exposure and practice. The Cyrillic script (Old Slavonic alphabet) appeared as late as the 9th century, much later than many other alphabets. In the early eighteenth century, under Peter the Great, the forms of letters were simplified and regularized, with some appropriate only to Greek . What alphabet does Slovakia use? [17][18][19][20][21], Bosnian Cyrillic, widely known as Bosanica[22][23] is an extinct variant of the Cyrillic alphabet that originated in medieval Bosnia. A Bulgarian Treasure. Glagolitic and Cyrillic were formalized by the Byzantine Saints Cyril and Methodius and their disciples, such as Saints Naum, Clement, Angelar, and Sava. A combination of Sh and Ch () is used where those familiar only with Russian and or Ukrainian would expect Shcha(). Cyrillic is usually associated with Slavic languages like Russian and Bulgarian, and though the . It is currently used exclusively or as one of several alphabets for more than 50 languages, notably Belarusian, Bulgarian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Montenegrin (spoken in Montenegro; also called Serbian), Russian, Serbian, Tajik (a dialect of Persian), Turkmen . The new letterforms, called the Civil script, became closer to those of the Latin alphabet; several archaic letters were abolished and several new letters were introduced designed by Peter himself. "Sreko M. Daja vs. Ivan Lovrenovi polemika o kulturnom identitetu BiH Ivan Lovrenovi", "SHORT HISTORY OF THE CYRILLIC ALPHABET - IVAN G. ILIEV - IJORS International Journal of Russian Studies", "Cyrillicsly: Two Cyrillics: a critical history I", "Cyrillic script variations and the importance of localisation - Fontshare.com", "Alphabet soup as Kazakh leader orders switch from Cyrillic to Latin letters", "Mongolia to restore traditional alphabet by 2025", "SHORT HISTORY OF THE CYRILLIC ALPHABET | IVAN G. ILIEV | IJORS International Journal of Russian Studies", "Serbian signs of the times are not in Cyrillic", "IOS Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set", "Los problemas del estudio de la lengua sefard", History and development of the Cyrillic alphabet, data entry in Old Cyrillic / , Cyrillic and its Long Journey East NamepediA Blog, "Latin Alphabet for the Russian Language", Transliteration and transcription into Cyrillic, Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016 Macedonian protests-Colorful Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&oldid=1142517105, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles needing additional references from January 2023, All articles needing additional references, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Articles containing Belarusian-language text, Articles containing Bulgarian-language text, Articles containing Macedonian-language text, Articles containing Serbian-language text, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The Working Group on Romanization Systems, American Library Association and Library of Congress Romanization tables for Slavic alphabets (, combinations that are considered as separate letters of respective alphabets, like, two most frequent combinations orthographically required to distinguish. For example, Aa is pronounced as a, and Pp is pronounced as r. There are 33 letters in the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, of which 10 are vowel letters, 21 are consonant letters, and two are signs. Your email address will not be published. Khalkha Mongolian is also written with the Mongol vertical alphabet, which was the official script before 1941. Some languages, including Church Slavonic, are still not fully supported. is shown twice as it appears at two different locations in Buryat and Kalmyk. The country's authorities plan to make a gradual transition to Latin from 2023 to 2031. Late Medieval Cyrillic letters (categorized as vyaz' and still found on many icon inscriptions today) show a marked tendency to be very tall and narrow, with strokes often shared between adjacent letters. Started in Bulgaria, it now serves as the official script for nearly 50 languages, including Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian, and Uzbek! [7][8][9] The script is named in honor of Saint Cyril. St. Cyril is believed to have developed a script that is the forerunner of today's Cyrillic alphabet. The deadline for making this transition has however been repeatedly changed, and Cyrillic is still more common. 200105, O.Ed. West European typography culture was also adopted. Living Northwest Caucasian languages are generally written using Cyrillic alphabets. It's the year when Kazakhstan will switch from Cyrillic to Latin alphabet. Some of these are illustrated below; for others, and for more detail, see the links. Como existen tantos idiomas que utilizan este alfabeto para generar tantos sonidos, no hay un grupo de letras que satisfaga las necesidades de todos. July 01, 2013, 01:07:42 PM. The purpose of the Worldwide Illustrated Stamp Identifier is to provide a visual tool to assist in identifying the country of origin of particularly challenging stamps. However, over the course of the following millennium, Cyrillic adapted to changes in spoken language, developed regional variations to suit the features of national languages, and was subjected to academic reform and political decrees. However, a closer look reveals that it is a mishmash of several popular words and sounds derived from Greek, Hebrew, and the old Latin. The Turkish alphabet (Turkish: Trk alfabesi) is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Turkish language, consisting of 29 letters, seven of which (, , I, , , and ) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language. [13][14][15][16] Paul Cubberley posits that although Cyril may have codified and expanded Glagolitic, it was his students in the First Bulgarian Empire under Tsar Simeon the Great that developed Cyrillic from the Greek letters in the 890s as a more suitable script for church books.[12]. Lezgian is spoken by the Lezgins, who live in southern Dagestan and northern Azerbaijan. Serbian schools do not ban pupils from using Latin and the Cyrillic script is only mandatory for Serbian language and literature exams. "@Dokule @PopulismUpdates It is an artifact that a considerable amount of Slavic people have no relationship with so using the term disregards their situation completely as it disregards the situation of counties using the Cyrillic alphabet that aren't Slavic" The Slavic Alphabet. Which countries use Cyrillic alphabet? It is called " " ('small er'). The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Tsar Simeon I the Great, probably by disciples of the two Byzantine brothers[6] Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, who had previously created the Glagolitic script. Double consonants, called "fortis", are pronounced longer than single consonants (called "lenis"). More than 300 million people today use Cyrillic alphabet: Russian and nother 11 countries. It was earlier difficult to represent the Cyrillic alphabet on modern computers.

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