margaret hamilton biography

[62] Writing in Wired, Robert McMillan noted: "At MIT she assisted in the creation of the core principles in computer programming as she worked with her colleagues in writing code for the world's first portable computer". Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 May 16, 1985) was an American actress and educator. Dedication and commitment were a given. In reality, she cared deeply about children, frequently giving to charitable organizations. In that role, she took the lead on the software used to govern the flight dynamics of the Apollo spacecraft, which were used for six landing missions between 1969 and 1972. They have a daughter named Lauren. Check out Margaret Hamilton's Bio Now For other people named Margaret Hamilton, see. She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. The couple then moved to Boston. Hamilton was born in Cleveland, Ohio and practiced her craft doing children's theater while she was a Junior League of Cleveland member. A few years later, they were reunited on Broadway for the short-lived musical Come Summer. She was director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo program. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Omissions? In The Paul Lynde Halloween Special (1976), she portrayed Lynde's housekeeper, reprising the Wicked Witch role, as well as introducing Lynde to the rock group Kiss. ", /system/people/detail_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton.jpg, /system/people/list_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton_320.jpg. What followed next were brief messages from Apollo 11 to Robledo de Chabela in Spain; and from Spain to Houston, where Margaret was; from Houston to Robledo; and from Robledo to Apollo 11. In recent years, a striking photo of Hamilton and her teams Apollo code has made the rounds on social media and in articles detailing her key contributions to Apollo 11's success. Danko sat on a smoking pipe configured to look like the Witch's broomstick. [15], Hamilton remained a lifelong friend of The Wizard of Oz castmate Ray Bolger (the scarecrow). She served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951 and was a Sunday school teacher during the 1950s. Margaret Hamilton Computer Scientist MIT Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at MIT. Discover Margaret Hamilton's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. JWST finds galaxies that shouldn't exist! Apollo 9 tested out the lunar module and command module together in Earth orbit for the first time, and then the two spacecraft were tested again in lunar orbit for Apollo 10. Devising, writing, testing, and testing these routines was quite commendable. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). She notably wrote software for a program to identify enemy aircraft. The crowning mission, Apollo 11 in July 1969, saw Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descend all the way to the surface in the lunar module, safely return to the command module (piloted by Mike Collins) and make it home to Earth. Among them, there were 6 in which the man stepped on the floor of the Moon. Margaret Hamilton is an American software engineer and computer scientist best known for leading the team responsible for creating the software for the Apollo moon missions and Skylab space station. [54][55][56] Hamilton details how she came to make up the term "software engineering": When I first came up with the term, no one had heard of it before, at least in our world. As an adult, she worked on NASA's Apollo program, creating computer programs to guide spacecraft to and from the moon. [16] She moved on to another project in the summer of 1961, and hired and trained Ellen Fetter as her replacement.[12]. Throughout the 1970s, Hamilton lived in New York City's Gramercy Park neighborhood and appeared on local (and some national) public-service announcements for organizations promoting the welfare of pets. "Deeply Integrated Guidance Navigation Unit (DI-GNU) Common Software Architecture Principles". She also gained recognition for her work as an advocate of causes designed to benefit children and animals and retained a lifelong commitment to public education. Mastodon: https://qoto.org/@howellspace. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. On weekends, she took her daughter Lauren to the lab to spend time with her, while she worked writing the computer routines that would go on the Apollo command module computer. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Hamilton-American-computer-scientist, Space.com - Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer, Wired - Her Code Got Humans on the Moon - And Invented Software Itself, Margaret Hamilton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Margaret Hamilton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NY 10036. Hamilton left MIT in the mid-1970s to work in the private sector. She is a member of famous Actress with the age 83 years old group. [54][60] The IEEE Software September/October 2018 issue celebrates the 50th anniversary of software engineering. Daneman's nephew refused to meet Hamilton because even though he understood she was an actress, he thought it was still possible she really was like the character in the movie. "Kindergarten Lost Margaret Hamilton." Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. What are the Van Allen Belts and why do they matter? They liked to kid me about my radical ideas. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. '[8], Hamilton's stand-in and stunt double for the Witch, Betty Danko, also suffered an on-set accident on February 11, 1939. She appeared regularly in supporting roles in films until the early 1950s and sporadically thereafter. Margaret Heafield Hamilton is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. Her Gramercy Park neighbor Sybil Daneman reported that Hamilton loved children but they were often afraid to meet her because of her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz. mystery guest on the popular Sunday night CBS-TV program. We knew that. Qualification: BA in Mathematics with a Minor in Philosophy, College: Earlham College, University of Michigan, Profession: Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner, Known For: Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed On-board Flight Software for NASAs Apollo Space Program, James Cox Hamilton; (m. 1958; div. Even adolescents. She appeared on an episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood in 1975 where she explained to children she was only playing a role and showed how putting on a costume "transformed" her into the witch. !' After graduating in 1958, she taught high-school mathematics for a short time. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Miss Hamilton Sings 1840 Song at Play House", "Wicked Witch of the West not always a fright sight", "Wizard of Oz 'witch' loved her Maine island", "Actress Margaret Hamilton, the Wicked Witch of the West", Margaret Hamilton correspondence and ephemera, 1944-1979, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamilton_(actress)&oldid=1138589927, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Vague or ambiguous geographic scope from March 2014, Internet Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Internet Off-Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Turner Classic Movies person ID different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Epiisode: "An Eye for an Eye" (S 2:Ep 35), Episode: "Bilko Enters Politics" (S 2:Ep 20), This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 13:49. The guidance and control systems would apply to both the lunar module (which would land on the moon) and the command module (which would orbit the moon while the lunar module was on the surface, then house the astronauts on their journey home.) Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers.. [59] Over time the term "software engineering" gained the same respect as any other technical discipline. SAGE was soon developed for military use in anti-aircraft air defense. Storey was born in San Francisco, California, into an educated household. According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. Hamilton said: What they used to do when you came into this organization as a beginner, was to assign you this program which nobody was able to ever figure out or get to run. In 1986 Margaret founded the company Hamilton Technologies in Cambridge, Massachusetts. [81][14] The couple then moved to Boston, Massachusetts,[14] where they had a daughter, Lauren, born on November 10, 1959. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Profiled in "American Classic Screen Interviews" (Scarecrow Press). According to Wired's Karen Tegan Padir: "She, along with that other early programming pioneer, COBOL inventor Grace Hopper, also deserve tremendous credit for helping to open the door for more women to enter and succeed in STEM fields like software. She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film The Wizard of Oz.A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in . We knew that. They married in the late 1950s, after she graduated in mathematics. [42][43][44] It was successfully used in numerous government programs[45][46] including a project to formalize and implement C-IDEF, an automated version of IDEF, a modeling language developed by the U.S. Air Force in the Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) project. Play Girl. "Hamilton was honored by NASA in 2003, when she was presented a special award recognizing the value of her innovations in the Apollo software development," NASA wrote in 2016. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. [25], Her areas of expertise include: systems design and software development, enterprise and process modeling, development paradigm, formal systems modeling languages, system-oriented objects for systems modeling and development, automated life-cycle environments, methods for maximizing software reliability and reuse, domain analysis, correctness by built-in language properties, open-architecture techniques for robust systems, full life-cycle automation, quality assurance, seamless integration, error detection and recovery techniques, human-machine interface systems, operating systems, end-to-end testing techniques, and life-cycle management techniques. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American movie actress. And I asked him what part, and he said, 'The Witch,' and I said, 'The Witch?!' She became very concerned about the role's effect on children, and finally did a guest spot on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968) to explain that the Witch was just a character in the film, and not herself. [Related: Apollo Coder and 'Apollo 13' Actor Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom]. Also learn how She earned most of Margaret Hamilton networth? However, once there, she preferred to accept work at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), as a software developer. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. They like to hear it but they 'don't' like to hear it. UConnToday, 23 April 2013. She appeared, uncredited, in Joseph L. Mankiewicz's People Will Talk (1951) as Sarah Pickett. They were married on June 15, 1958, the summer after she graduated from Earlham. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. Hamilton was concerned with legitimizing software development as an engineering discipline. We took our work seriously, many of us beginning this journey while still in our 20s. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. "Margaret Hamilton, 82, Dies; Played Wicked Witch In 'Oz', "Ah, The Songs of Long Ago! A kindergarten teacher in her native Cleveland, Margaret Hamilton began her acting career there in community theatre and with the prestigious Cleveland Playhouse. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. They're scared. [61] Hamilton talks about "Errors" and how they influenced her work related to software engineering and how her language, USL, could be used to prevent the majority of "Errors" in a system. marriedcelebrity; April 19, 2019; Celebrity Gossip; Born as Margaret Heafield, she is an American system engineer, computer scientist and a woman entrepreneur as well. By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. What are the characteristics of the Solar System? The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. She strove to work as much as possible to support herself and her son; she never put herself under contract to any one studio and priced her services at $1,000 ($18,800 with inflation[4]) a week.[5]. She later founded two software companiesHigher Order Software in 1976 and Hamilton Technologies in 1986, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts. and he said 'Maggie, they want you to play a part on the Wizard.' Early life [ edit] Barack Obama presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. She led a team that was tasked with developing the software for the guidance and control systems of the in-flight command and lunar modules of the Apollo missions. 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The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". In 1945, she played the domineering sister of Oz co-star Jack Haley in George White's Scandals, comically trying to prevent him from marrying actress Joan Davis, even going so far as to throw a hatchet at her. Starred in the live on-stage musical "A Little Night Music" (with actress Jean Simmons in the lead role) during the mid-1970s in San Francisco. Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Wed, 2022-06-01 07:53, By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. American software engineer and businesswoman, American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist. And what had happened was it was tricky programming, and the person who wrote it took delight in the fact that all of his comments were in Greek and Latin. Hamilton next worked at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory (now the independent Charles Stark Draper Laboratory), which provided aeronautical technology for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). She graduated from Hancock High School and studied at the University . [4] They divorced in 1967 and Margaret married Dan Lickly two years later.[80][82]. In later years, Hamilton made frequent . Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. She subsequently directed and supervised the developments of the Skylab space station mission. , money, salary, income, and assets. But a software incident almost derailed the landing, as Hamilton recalled in a 2009 interview with MIT. Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses for a series of photos with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. [20] Hamilton's team was responsible for developing in-flight software,[21] which included algorithms designed by various senior scientists for the Apollo command module, Apollo lunar module, and the subsequent Skylab. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. and they continued. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com. Zack, Suzanne. Discover today's celebrity birthdays and explore famous people who share your birthday. In 1933, Hamilton was invited to repeat her stage role of the sarcastic daughter-in-law in the Broadway play Another Language for the MGM film version. [16][18] These made her code incredibly reliable because they helped programmers identify and fix anomalies before they became major problems.[26]. At 83 years old, Margaret Hamilton height She is one of the people credited with coining the term "software engineering". But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Margaret Hamiltons income source is mostly from being a successful Actress. The mirrors at the Ivanpah plant were configured to create a picture of Hamilton and the Apollo 11 by moonlight. When I was the beginner they gave it to me as well. We had to find a way and we did. Three minutes before the lunar lander reached the Moon's surface, several computer alarms were triggered. From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission. She coined the term software engineer because she felt that the work she and her team were doing was just as important and just as much engineering as the other work on the Apollo spacecraft. The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. She was a distant cousin of Neil Hamilton, with whom she appeared in By Your Leave (1934). Elizabeth is also a post-secondary instructor in communications and science since 2015. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [23] This included error detection and recovery software such as restarts and the Display Interface Routines (also known as the Priority Displays), which Hamilton designed and developed. It is ironic that her performance as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939) was so scary to children, because her first job was as a kindergarten teacher. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo program's guidance system. In those years, there were no programming languages like at the end of the 20th century. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Hamilton, a 24-year-old with an undergrad degree in mathematics, had gotten a job as a programmer at MIT, and the plan was for her to support her husband through his three-year stint at Harvard. Would spoof her famous role of The Wicked Witch of The West in a 1976 Paul Lynde Halloween Special for television. Armstrong had no time for lengthy explanations. Her net worth has been growing significantly in 2021-2022. Later in life, she would comment on the role of the witch in a light-hearted fashion. Hamilton also appears as an unidentified flying witch during the tornado scene, which may have been the Wicked Witch of the West or her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East. In 1976, Hamilton co-founded with Saydean Zeldin a company called Higher Order Software (HOS)[40] to further develop ideas about error prevention and fault tolerance emerging from their experience at MIT working on the Apollo program. [7][9] She cites Florence Long, the head of the math department at Earlham, as helping with her desire to pursue abstract mathematics and become a mathematics professor. This depended on our assigning a unique priority to every process in the software in order to ensure that all of its events would take place in the correct order and at the right time relative to everything else that was going on. In one of the critical moments of the Apollo 11 mission, the Apollo Guidance Computer, together with the on-board flight software, averted an abort of the landing on the Moon. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [37] Jack Garman, a NASA computer engineer in mission control, recognized the meaning of the errors that were presented to the astronauts by the priority displays and shouted, "Go, go!"

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