His research in Oaxaca led to the excavation of Monte Albn, a major Zapotec city dating from about 500 BCE, and the discovery of Tomb 7, which contained finely carved objects and tools. Gaillard, Gerald. While much of Maldacenas work is tough reading for non-physicists, he has also written several explanations of his work on quantum theory for general audiences, including a popular 2007 Scientific American article tantalizingly entitled The Illusion of Gravity.. A pacifist, he refused a series of defense industry positions during the Cold War arms race, instead conducting research and teaching physics at the University of the Redlands, Baghdad University, MIT, and Harvey Mudd College. He died in 2020. 5. (July 7, 2014) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/, Yandell, Kate. Many Cubans can't get parts to fix the old American and Russian cars, but adding electronic entertainment is becoming popular. What if we could clean them out? Invented by scientists at the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in Havana, the treatment, which its creators describe as an epidermal growth factor, is injected near the affected area and can accelerate the skin's healing process, closing a wound safely over the course of about three months. You can thank Marie Van Brittan Brown. Magill, Frank. Invention/discovery . "Yellow Fever." Photo by Ernesto Oroza & Penelope de Bozzi. "Death Notices (Alfonso Caso Andrade, Merle H. Racotumomab is in phase two and three trials in Cuba (these clinical trial stages assess effectiveness, side effects and adverse reactions), while VSSP is in early clinical trials. Michael ZagarisMLB/Getty Images. Learn more: Guglielmo Marconi (Brittanica). Our final entry jointly honors two pioneers of space: physicist Franklin Chang-Daz, the first Hispanic-American astronaut, and engineer Ellen Ochoa, the first female Hispanic-American astronaut (see her picture on the first page). In addition to CimaVax, Roswell Park is also investigating Racotumomab and VSSP -- two more promising cancer drugs invented by CIM. Andy Ruiz is one of the first to produce 360-degree video in Cuba. Subscribe to Heres the Deal, our politics A new television covers the wall of an old home in Havana. Vol. 17 July 2014. famous cuban inventions. She first served on a nine-day mission aboard the space shuttle Discovery, where she and a team of astronauts studied Earths ozone layer, then returned to space three more times, spending nearly 1000 hours in orbit. A sample: He built U.S. President Eisenhower an indoor golf-training machine, analyzed the Zapruder film and tried to locate an Egyptian pyramid's treasure chamber using cosmic rays [sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica; PBS; Sullivan; Wohl]. Alcohol and tobacco use, as well as human papillomavirus, are major risk factors of the diseases. According to the Smithsonian, Victor Ochoa had a reward of $50,000 offered for his delivery dead or alive to Porfirio Diaz, President of Mexico. It's also trying to get clinical trials underway to replicate Cuban scientists findings, per U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations. Known for: Edison and Teslas rivalry is well-known. His father hailed from Spanish Morocco, but he was greatly influenced by his French-Algerian mother's culture. Invented by researchers at the Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM) in Havana, CimaVax targets a growth factor in cancer cells in a way that can arrest the spread of the disease. Clockwise from left, in the photos above, the motors have been repurposed as coconut shredder, a key duplicator, a grinding wheel, and a shoe repair tool. Known for: In his work as a professional scene painter for the opera, Daguerre began experimenting with camera obscura for painting large backdrops. Subscribe to Here's the Deal, our politics newsletter. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. When the one-hour Internet cards sold at hotspots were prohibitively expensive (theyre more than $2double the average daily wage), savvy entrepreneurs started divvying them up and selling shorter, slower allotments. 6. Mexican inventor Victor Ochoa was also a Mexican revolutionary. Vol. When asked if he regretted not winning the Nobel, Convit reportedly replied that his great regret was not curing cancer [sources: BBC; Chinea; Nobel Prize]. 101 JFK Parkway | Short Hills, NJ | 07078 | (973) 921-5500, Protected: Classroom Talk-to-Text Project, Biography of Johannes Gutenberg, German Inventor of the Printing Press (ThoughtCo), Da Vinci-style ornithopter with household items, one of these kid-safe electricity experiments, Thomas Jefferson: Inventions & Accomplishments, learn to make a model of a steam power generator, Louis Daguerre, Inventor of Daguerreotype Photography (ThoughtCo), homemade projector built with a cardboard box and a magnifying glass, these fun assembly line classroom activities, The Legacy of Dr. George Washington Carver. "Luis Leloir -- Biographical." Cuba's once-grand colonial architecture is crumblingthe impact of decades of sanctions on its economy. 8. In 1974, scientists F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario Jos Molina argued CFCs were not as harmless as they seemed. The White House is continuing to lift trade restrictions between the U.S. and Cuba. The pair have attracted devoted fans that follow their shows across Havana. The rikimbili, prohibited, but widely used in Cuba, is made of a bicycle with a motor attached. Instead of washing out of the sky through rainfall or oxidation, they floated into the upper stratosphere, where solar ultraviolet radiation broke them apart and set off an ozone-destroying chemical reaction. Water pump motors propel bicycles, clothes dryers are repurposed into coconut shredders. Try this: Experiment by building paper airplanes to see which design performs best in flight. March 26, 2002. 4. Born in Puerto Prncipe, Cuba, Finlay studied abroad before returning to Havana as a general practitioner and ophthalmologist with a penchant for scientific research. March 2014. Long walled off from world trade and modern technology, Cuba has developed a robust culture of DIY engineers who turn household items into useful inventions. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Miguel Angel Ondetti has been granted more than 100 patents, including U.S. Patent 4,105,776 for "Proline Derivatives and Related Compounds" also known as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to treat hypertension. Perhaps the most well-known Cuban innovation is the vaccine CimaVax. Tesla was the inventor and proponent of alternating current, which was ultimately proven more reliable than Edisons direct current. Page 3. His impact was felt through his extensive papers, his widely published textbook, "Human Physiology," and his organization of the Institute of Physiology at the University of Buenos Aires, which produced such medical luminaries as Luis Leloir and Csar Milstein, both on this list [sources: Magill; Houssay; USASEF]. But Caso's influence extended far beyond the sciences. From illegally installing rooftop radio antennas to record American music to hotwiring antique cars, Cubans are ingenious at figuring out workarounds to barriers that would otherwise keep them decades behind their neighbors. This bicycle has a soda bottle for a fuel tank. Known for: Woz and Jobs are two of the most famous inventors of the 20th century. Mexican-American botanist Ynes Mexia discovered two new plant genera and 500 new plant speciesand she didnt even start collecting plants until she was 51 years old [PDF]. Known for: Da Vinci was the original Renaissance Man. Jenny Marder. "10 Hispanic Scientists You Should Know" More Americans die from lung cancer than from any other type of cancer, which is why many people are eager for CimaVax to hit the U.S. market soon. Joseph and John weren't the only black inventors involved in agriculture. Guatemalan-born Luis von Ahn is regarded as one of the pioneers of crowdsourcing. She was nominated for the position by President Barack Obama. He founded the Native American Intellectual Property Enterprise Council to help fellow Native American inventors. During his 75-year career, he received several honors, including Spain's Prince of Asturias Award and France's Legion of Honor. The late 20th century was marked by the recognition that humans could significantly affect the environment, even Earth itself. Moved after encountering the disease's poor and stigmatized victims during medical school, he soon dedicated himself to helping treat them and to combating the social stigma under which they lived [sources: BBC; Chinea]. Learn more: Grace Murray HopperA Legacy of Innovation and Service. Adalberto Alvarez. Ideas, Inspiration, and Giveaways for Teachers. Photo by Enrique De La Osa/Reuters. "J. Luis Federico Leloir, or How to Do Good Science in a Hostile Environment." Thousands of students graduate with information technology degrees each year, but there are few jobs. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/, Nobel Prize. (July 4, 2014) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/an.1971.12.4.3.4/pdf, BBC. In 2006 Palmaz earned a place in the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Nobel Prize-winning biochemist Csar Milstein opened new doors in the diagnosis and treatment of disease with his 1975 study on monoclonal antibodies. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. Electronics are still hard to buy in Cuba, and often come from relatives who live in the United States. . X-Ray Reflection Microscope Mexican American physicist Albert Vinicio Bez co-invented the X-ray reflection microscope. Try this: For a cool science fair project, learn to make a model of a steam power generator. MP3 players and rear-facing cameras are common additions. Known for: Dr. Tsukamoto is on the cutting edge of one of the most exciting new technologiesstem cells. She invented the Laserphaco Pro probe, which revolutionized cataract surgery. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? Aug. 08 2001. Photo by Ernesto Oroza & Penelope de Bozzi. "Carlos Finlay (1833-1915)." Students who studied technology, like 34-year-old Yusnier Fernndez, find ways to put their skills to use. In contrast, China has completed or is currently conducting at least 25 Nimotuzumab trials. (July 7, 2014) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/fever/peopleevents/p_finlay.html, PBS. He studied in Mexico and abroad, and made his groundbreaking discovery concerning CFCs during his postdoctoral stint with Rowland at University of California, Irvine. (July 3, 2014) http://www.bbc.com/news/health-27389259, Benacerraf, Baruj. When Major Lazer played a show in Havana in 2016, half a million people showed up. Try this: Assemble a homemade pulley system to mimic Jeffersons dumbwaiter. Maldacenas research on the duality of conjecture was so groundbreaking, the participants of a 1998 string theory conference wrote a song to honor him called The Maldacena (sung and danced to the tune of The Macarena. It was the 1990s, after all). After studying robotics in art school, Yusnier Mentado Fernndez started working on his own creations using processors from Italy. The Daily Californian. But Convit, who was born in Caracas, Venezuela, and died there a century later, extended his hand beyond the confines of the lab or doctor's office. Jan. 1, 2013. Innovators and Inventors Andy Ruiz is one of the first to produce 360-degree video in Cuba. A reported 5,000 patients worldwide have been treated with CimaVax. During that time, Finlay didnt give up on his research. In 1993, astronaut Ellen Ochoa became the first Hispanic woman to go to space. Try this: Understand more about the anatomy of the eye by building a 3D human eye model. Known for: When a medical condition caused her to lose much of her hair, Madam Walker invented a treatment system that completely revolutionized Black hair care. Try this: Watch this video to learn more about stem cells and their importance to modern medicine. Ellen Ochoa was born in Los Angeles, Calif., and earned her master's degree and doctorate in electrical engineering from Stanford University. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. His all-electronic television system made TV one of the worlds favorite past-times. Photo by Ernesto Oroza. These skeletons may have the answer, Scientists are making advancements in birth controlfor men, Blood cleaning? May 2005. Margarita Carmen Cansino was one of the biggest movie stars in the world in the 1940s and '50s. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. Oct. 1, 2013. But, beyond localized ecological concerns over DDT and the vaguer terror of nuclear winter, by the early 1970s we hadn't much considered the potentially global consequences of industry and chemistry. Breakdancing has become increasingly popular and troupes like the B-Boy dancers, a subset of the Havana Queens dance company, learn moves from YouTube videos. Though Jobs went on to become more well-known, he and Wozniak worked together to build the Apple I, the home computer that launched a revolution. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/press.html, NASA. (July 7, 2014) http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/chang.html, NASA. Later, he led fusion propulsion teams at MIT and Johnson Space Center (JSC) on projects with potential Mars mission applications. His best-known invention, the Ochoaplane was a small flying machine with collapsible wings. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/leloir-bio.html. Copyright 2021. Similar, yet worlds apart; that's this list in a nutshell. mon - fri 8.00 am - 4.00 pm #22 beetham gardens highway, port of spain, trinidad +1 868-625-9028 Dr. Eric Bouffet, director of the brain tumor program at Toronto's Hospital For Sick Children, is the only investigator to date who has completed a Nimotuzumab trial in North America. 2006. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. Try this: Visit thrift shops to find an old panini press, then turn it into a printing press. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1984/, Nobel Prize. Top 100 famous female inventors in history 1. But a lack of basic supplies introduces new twists for the islands innovators: a few summers ago recording artists found the island had run low on CDs. In fact, Lee said, Roswell Park is preparing for another clinical trial of Nimotuzumab in combination with an FDA-approved treatment to see how effective it will be against lung cancer.
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