Adults of both sexes aged 16-24 reported the highest prevalence of personal crime in 2019/20, with the proportion generally /decreasing with increasing age. As with personal crime, a greater proportion of males were victims, than females (3.6% and 1.4%, respectively). , In 2019/20, the CPS moved from annual reporting, in the Violence Against Women and Girls annual report, to quarterly data. In 2019, the proportion of children prosecuted for indictable offences that were females was 10%. The study relied solely on electronically available published opinions in child custody cases (n = 4,338). This difference is likely to be linked to the greater seriousness of offences typically dealt with at the Crown Court. Figure 5.08: Median number of days from offence to completion, by offence group and sex, 2019. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a smaller proportion of young males (80%) had a record of persistent absence compared to young females (85%). Between 2015 and 2019 the median time from offence to charge increased for both females and males to varying degrees, up 10% and 33% respectively. Youth custody report for September 2015 published. The number of TVLEO prosecutions has decreased for both female (down 30%) and male (down 37%) defendants since 2015, although the decrease between 2018 and 2019 was negligible compared to previous years. , Fast Delivery PSR (written) Normally completed on day of request and must be completed within 5 days. Figure 4.04: Percentage of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by offence and sex, 2019. According to the Pew Research study, when fathers and children live separately 22% of fathers see their children more than once a week. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of prosecutions for summary non-motoring offences has been decreasing for both male and female defendants, offset by increases in both indictable and summary motoring offences. Some of the proportions presented in this analysis are based on small sample sizes so care should be taken when comparing results for different genders. Police station advice alone accounts for 71% of the workload for both sexes in 2019, increasing from around 60% since 2012. Youth custody data for December 2016 published. Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). , This is not including the 96 victims of the Hillsborough disaster in 2016/17, where 89 were male and 7, female. , This section excludes those where sex is not stated and other defendants such as companies and public bodies in total these accounted for 10% of all defendants in 2019. A higher proportion of females also reported having a child under 18. April 2017 to March 2018) offender cohort. Other increases included a 3 percentage point increase in both magistrates and HMPPS (excluding probation) to 56% and 40%, respectively. However, this was lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 99] and 2014/15[footnote 100] (99% for young females and 98% for young males). Intimate reflects the nature of the relationship between victim and perpetrator or the nature or the abuse itself. , Data from Nature of Violent Crime, England and Wales: year ending 2019 (appendix tables), Data on victims of Domestic abuse in 2019/20 is discussed in more detail further into this chapter. The greater tendency for female first time offenders to be cautioned or convicted for theft aligns with trends for offenders more generally, as discussed in Chapter 4: Police Activity. These offences accounted for a larger proportion of female arrests, whereas drug offences and sexual offences accounted for larger proportions of male arrests. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics, fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending, fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater proportion of women managed in the community successfully; and. , The cautioning rate is the number of offenders who were given a caution divided by the number who were either cautioned or convicted (excluding summary motoring offences). To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. , 3% of young people identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. , Data for offending history includes both indictable and summary offences - unless otherwise stated. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019 publication. The majority (95%) of the prison population were male. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. Figure 4.05: Number of cautions issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. The strategy sets out the Governments commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: The strategy aims to take an evidence-based approach to reducing crime and rehabilitating offenders. Fines accounted for 99% of those sentenced for TV licence evasion in 2019 across both sexes. The conviction ratio for female children in 2019 was 67%, 4 percentage points lower than in 2015 and 3 percentage points lower than the male child conviction ratio (70%) in 2019. Youth custody data for June 2016 published. Secure Childrens Homes and Secure Training Centres are for males (those who are younger or have more complex needs) and females aged 10-17. Data mentioned can be found on the page linked. This offence accounted for 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. , Defendants are reported against their principal (i.e. A 2.6 pp increase over the last five years brought female representation among in-post police officers up to 31% in 2019. Youth custody data for January 2016 published. Statistics show that women are awarded child custody in nearly 90 percent of all cases. This has remained broadly stable since 2015. Lone parents with dependent children represented 17% of all families with dependent children in 2019, and females accounted for 91% of these lone parents[footnote 117]. Figure 8.05: Custody rate by sex for indictable offences with the highest number of female offenders sentenced, England and Wales, 2019. This was driven by a decrease in prevalence of indecent exposure and unwanted touching, and rape excluding attempts. The female majority in Magistrates Court staff has continued to increase, also, recorded at 56% in 2020. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Fieldwork for the year to March 2020 was suspended two weeks early on Wednesday the 18th March 2020, just prior to the lockdown restrictions being announced by the Government on the 23rd March 2020. Here are a few examples, per the U.S. Census Bureau's 2020 study: 41.6% of custodial mothers are 40 years old or older. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN with a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 106] and 2014/15 [footnote 107](2% for young females and 5% for young males). Female homicide victims were most often between 25-34 years old (17%). version of this document in a more accessible format, please email, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Safety in the Children and Young People Secure Estate: Update to June 2022. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males. You have rejected additional cookies. This is reflected in the higher proportion of females remanded in custody who were sentenced to immediate custody at magistrates court, 17% in 2019 compared to 13% for males. Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. This chapter explores the activity of the police, by the sex of the suspect or offender they deal with. Possession of an article with blade or point (760 sentenced). , The conviction ratio is defined as the ratio of convictions to prosecutions for a principle offence over one year. Penalty Notices for Disorder (PND)[footnote 32] issued. Females of all age groups were more likely to experience domestic abuse than males. There is a glossary that explains the definition of each disposal in the technical guide, along with a summary of the data share. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions. In 2019, 50% of PNDs were paid in full, and 35% resulted in a fine for late payment. In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner. Youth custody report for August 2015 published. , Details can be found in the Technical Guide published alongside this report. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched offender cohort, over half (57% of males and 61% of females) received Free School Meals (FSM). The overall level of concordance between sentences proposed and sentences given (excluding Other) has fallen from 74% in 2017 to 68% in 2018 and was 60% in 2019. Overall personal crime rates decreased significantly between 2018/19 and 2019/20. , Offenders whose sex was unknown were excluded from all analyses in this section, which might lead to very small inconsistencies with other published statistics on offenders. Youth custody data - October data published. In 2019, prosecutions by age distribution of males and female defendants was broadly similar, with the majority of defendants concentrated between the ages of 18 and 59. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. TV licence evasion made up 30% of all female convictions, compared to 4% of male convictions. Female representation among court judges continued to steadily increase, similarly to the last five years (28% in 2016; 32% in 2020). Youth custody report for August 2013 published. The proportions of female practitioners vary across the CJS organisations (Figure 9.01)[footnote 121]. This differs between functions within HMPPS, with the Prison Service (including Youth Custody Service) representing a lower proportion of females than the HMPPS as a whole, rising from 37% to 39%. Other defendants such as companies and public bodies are also excluded. Child custody A campaign to change the law was led by Caroline Norton, whose own marriage to a violent husband had failed. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched cohort, over half received FSM. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent[footnote 110] from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded[footnote 111] from school, or have received a fixed period exclusion[footnote 112], at any point during KS4. We will provide further updates regarding the availability of a consistent back series in subsequent Criminal Court Statistics publications[footnote 44]. Offenders with 15 or more previous cautions or convictions. This section looks at offenders starting supervision as a result of a court order, including those starting supervision as a result of a community order or a suspended sentence order[footnote 68]. In 2019/20, there was a significant difference between males (63.4%) and females (57.3%) who perceived the Criminal Justice System to be fair, as seen in previous years. Figure 5.13: Average custodial sentence length, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Among children, 7.9% of males reported crimes against the person in 2019/20, significantly more than females did (3.7%). Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for England & Wales aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. The publication aims to help practitioners, policy makers, academics and members of the public understand trends in the CJS in England and Wales, and how these vary between the sexes and over time. National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. Of those sentenced, a consistently higher proportion of female offenders were fined and had a lower average fine than male offenders over the last 5 years. Over a three-year timeseries, a larger proportion of males aged 16-59 had experienced only one form of abuse in the last year (84.6%) compared to females the same age (77.9%)[footnote 18]. In the 2017/18 cohort, the reoffending rate was higher for males at 30%, compared to 23% for females. Sex can be considered to refer to whether someone is male or female based on their physiology, with gender representing a social construct or sense of self that takes a wider range of forms. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Youth custody report for May 2016 published. A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs without a statement, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.3). Data has bee updated and published for May 2013. Following prosecution, defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. Our policy in handling revisions is to be transparent with users about: How and when to expect revisions as part of our standard processes. , The data used for this section are sourced from the magistrates court administrative database LIBRA-MIS. In 2019/20, 2.6% of all children were victims of violent crime. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. , Published figures for probation can be found in Offender Management Statistics quarterly. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. Figure 7.05: Proportion of children in the Criminal Justice System, by sex, England and Wales, 2019. A gender bias argument should not be used by a divorced father unless he has personal experience and can back up that experience with proof. , Information about sex was provided for all individuals in this chapter; there are no unknown or not stated cases for any of the CJS organisations discussed. However, given the range of recording practises (see technical guide for details) throughout the CJS, it is likely that most recording includes a mixture of physiological and personal identity. Youth custody data for March 2017 published. An oral report is usually completed within 24 hours of conviction where a limited amount of information is required by the sentencing court. A higher proportion of female defendants were not remanded by police, which may be due in part to the different types of offences for which females and males are prosecuted and hence the risk they are perceived as representing. The given number currently represents about . This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 94] (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 95] (62% for young females and 53% for young males). The proportion of ineffective and cracked trials was higher for females (20% and 37%) than males (16% and 33%) in 2019. , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all sentencing outcomes. Estimates for the year 2019 to March 2020 were therefore unaffected by the lockdown restrictions. Findings from a recent data sharing exercise between the MoJ and the Department for Education (DfE) are presented here, with analysis on a matched cohort of those who were in Year 6 in either 2008/09 or 2009/10 and who were aged ten at the start of those academic years[footnote 91][footnote 92]. , We were only able to match data on those children who are both in DfE and MoJ datasets so cannot provide analysis specifically for non-offenders with these characteristics. Child Custody Statistics by Gender Who is most likely to be a custodial parent? In 2019, females made up 17% of offenders issued community orders and 14% of suspended sentence orders (with requirements). The proportion of PNDs issued to females was stable at 22% until 2018 when it fell to 19% and then to 18% in 2019. The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2019/20 (released on the same day as this report) also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. Violent crime was reported by a higher proportion of males (2.1%) than females (1.4%) in 2018/19. The other ethnic groups all had the same custody rate of 35%. , Statistics used are from the CSEW 2019/20 unless stated otherwise; when differences are not referred to as statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. The total number of defendants in 2019 including those who fail to appear, companies and where gender is unknown was 1.44 million. In 2019, 43% of all PSRs were written, fast delivery PSRs[footnote 52] (females 39%, males 44%). , Data is from Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. The disparity in convictions for these offences may reflect the fact that females make up a slightly larger proportion of benefit claimants[footnote 118]. ONS data from 2012 shows that of the UK's 400,000 single parent families, only 13.5% of these (54,000) are single dads. The proportion issued to females has slightly decreased over the last 5 years, from 24% in 2015. Youth custody report for April 2015 published. Of all female defendants prosecuted at court, 55% were prosecuted for summary non-motoring offences compared to 29% of male defendants in the latest year. Figure 5.03: Number of defendants proceeded against at magistrates courts, by offence type and sex, 2015 to 2019. A higher proportion of males were proceeded against for indictable offences (22%) compared to females (10%). These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). In 2019, offenders with 15 or more previous cautions or convictions comprised 25% of all offenders, 89% of offenders were male, compared to the 11% who were female. It considers how these experiences have changed over time and how they contrast to the typical experiences of males. In 2018, the Ministry of Justice published the Female Offender Strategy, which sets out the departments vision and plan to improve outcomes for women in the community and custody. Fraud by failing to disclose information females made up 50% of 281 convictions in 2019, down 1 pp since 2015. The national divorce rate is 7.6 per 1,000 couples in 2022. Figure 8.01: The proportion of male and female offenders prosecuted for each offence group, England and Wales, 2019. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure children's homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs).. Further information on the methodology and cohort size can be found in the technical guide. Figure 6.02: Proportion of prisoners serving immediate custodial sentences by sentence length, sex, June 2019. The custody rate for this offence was 19% for females in 2019, compared with 26% for males.
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