timur father name

Lamenting his fate, Timur saw a little ant carrying a grain up the side of a collapsed wall. Timur's army burned Ryazan and advanced on Moscow. It is this phrase which has been transliterated in European accounts as Tamerlane (also spelt Tamburlaine). After Tokhtamysh's initial defeat, Timur invaded Muscovy to the north of Tokhtamysh's holdings. Timur became a relatively popular figure in Europe for centuries after his death, mainly because of his victory over the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid. Timur was sent to negotiate with the invader but joined with him instead and was rewarded with Transoxania. His other wives and concubines included: Arabshah's history was translated into Latin by the Dutch Orientalist Jacobus Golius in 1636. However, he also punished Shias for desecrating the memories of the Sahaba. [134] In any case, three days after Gerasimov began the exhumation, Adolf Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa, the largest military invasion of all time, upon the Soviet Union. I would give the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara. It was then that Tokhtamysh's army was boxed in against the east bank of the Volga River in the Orenburg region and destroyed at the Battle of the Kondurcha River, in 1391. In May 1393, Timur's army invaded the Anjudan, crippling the Ismaili village only a year after his assault on the Ismailis in Mazandaran. [31] Ibn Khaldun recounted that Timur himself described to him his mother's descent from the legendary Persian hero Manuchehr. As Lord Kinross reported in The Ottoman Centuries, the Italians preferred the enemy they could handle to the one they could not. Fisher, W.B. A group of locals in the region was dissatisfied with this and, Khwandamir writes, these locals assembled and brought up their complaint with Timur, possibly provoking his attack on the Ismailis there. Shah Rukh ( Persian: شاهرخ ‎ Šāhrokh) (20 August 1377 – 13 March 1447) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire between 1405 and 1447. After the capture of the city, 20,000 of its citizens were massacred. [59], Timur then began a five-year campaign to the west in 1392, attacking Persian Kurdistan. Faced with the strange spectacle of camels flying straight at them with flames leaping from their backs, the elephants turned around and stampeded back toward their own lines. Later, Timur sent to the court of the Kingdom of León and Castile a Chagatai ambassador named Hajji Muhammad al-Qazi with letters and gifts. His right thighbone had knitted together with his kneecap, and the configuration of the knee joint suggests that he had kept his leg bent at all times and therefore would have had a pronounced limp. Those two kings also praised him because his victory at Ankara allowed Christian merchants to remain in the Middle East and allowed for their safe return home to both France and England. European views of Timur were mixed throughout the fifteenth century, with some European countries calling him an ally and others seeing him as a threat to Europe because of his rapid expansion and brutality. Timur returned to Persia and sent his grandson Abu Bakr ibn Miran Shah to reconquer Baghdad, which he proceeded to do. "[It is said] that his father, the above-mentioned Taragai, was among the magnates of the Sultan's court. [45], In his childhood, Timur and a small band of followers raided travelers for goods, especially animals such as sheep, horses, and cattle. The suzerain-vassal relationship between Ming empire and Timurid existed for a long time. Tokhtamysh was unable to restore his power or prestige, and he was killed about a decade later in the area of present-day Tyumen. His father was a lesser chief of the Barlas tribe, and through him, Timur claimed to be a descendant of Tumbinai Setsen, a male-line ancestor he shared in common with Genghis Khan. The village was prepared for the attack, evidenced by its fortress and system of tunnels. Timur was born in Transoxiana near the city of Kesh (modern Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan), some 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Samarkand, part of what was then the Chagatai Khanate. YÜKSEL, Musa Şamil. [15] Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan (died 1227) and according to Gérard Chaliand, saw himself as Genghis Khan's heir.[16]. Though Timur shared many similarities to Toland and Osiris in having an obsession that drove him to near madness, he was never exiled by his fellow Iron Lords, though it did worry them, as his tireless research into SIVA bore fruit. Passenger List. Uzbek Temir, Turkish Demir). However, it has been suggested that his religious persuasions and view of himself as an executor of divine will may have contributed to his motivations. We do know this: … [9], Timur's Turco-Mongolian heritage provided opportunities and challenges as he sought to rule the Mongol Empire and the Muslim world. He was locked outside the walls of Bhatner by his brother and was later killed by Timur. Manz suspects the 1336 date was designed to tie Timur to the legacy of Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, the last ruler of the Ilkhanate descended from Hulagu Khan, who died in that year. Allying himself both in cause and by family connection with Qazaghan, the dethroner and destroyer of Volga Bulgaria, he invaded Khorasan[46] at the head of a thousand horsemen. Timur was born in Transoxiana near the city of Kesh (modern Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan), some 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Samarkand, part of what was then the Chagatai Khanate. [30] The Mu'izz al-Ansab, written decades later, say that she was related to the Yasa'uri tribe, whose lands bordered that of the Barlas. William Jones remarked that the former presented Timur as a "liberal, benevolent and illustrious prince" while the latter painted him as "deformed and impious, of a low birth and detestable principles". He married Husayn's wife Saray Mulk Khanum, a descendant of Genghis Khan, allowing him to become imperial ruler of the Chaghatay tribe. Tughlugh then attempted to set his son Ilyas Khoja over Transoxania, but Timur repelled this invasion with a smaller force. [92], Timur had twice previously appointed an heir apparent to succeed him, both of whom he had outlived. [129] At 5 feet 8 inches (173 centimeters), Timur was tall for his era. J. S. Cunningham. He was responsible for the effective destruction of the Nestorian Christian Church of the East in much of Asia. Babur (Persian: بابر ‎, romanized: Bābur, lit. Acoording to vedic astrology , Rashi for the name Timur is Simha or Sinh and Moon sign associated with the name Timur is Leo.. Document preserved at Le Musée de l'Histoire de France, code AE III 204. About 1360, Timur gained prominence as a military leader whose troops were mostly Turkic tribesmen of the region. Born into the Barlas confederation in Transoxiana (in modern-day Uzbekistan) on 9 April 1336, Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370. In 1395, Timur defeated Tokhtamysh in the Battle of the Terek River, concluding the struggle between the two monarchs. Timur capitalized on the subsequent disruption in the forces of Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq, securing an easy victory. Geometric courtyard surrounding the tomb showing the Iwan, and dome. "[133] Even though people close to Gerasimov claim that this story is a fabrication, the legend persists. [21], Timur was the grandfather of the Timurid sultan, astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg, who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449, and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur (1483–1530), founder of the Mughal Empire, which then ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent. Timur then returned to his capital of Samarkand, where he began planning for his Georgian campaign and Golden Horde invasion. Khorasan revolted one year later, so Timur destroyed Isfizar, and the prisoners were cemented into the walls alive. Timur counted overall 69 attempts and finally, on the 70th try, the little ant succeeded and made her way into the nest with a precious prize. The legend has it that Timur, wounded by an enemy arrow, found shelter at the abandoned ruins of an old fortress in the desert. Humayun: 1508: 1530–1540: 1556: Reign interrupted by Sur Empire. "Tamerlane." [96], Pir Muhammad was unable to gain sufficient support from his relatives and a bitter civil war erupted amongst Timur's descendants, with multiple princes pursuing their claims. Of the surviving population, more than 60,000 of the local people were captured as slaves, and many districts were depopulated. 56–57. After Delhi fell to Timur's army, uprisings by its citizens against the Turkic-Mongols began to occur, causing a retaliatory bloody massacre within the city walls. Therefore, Timur reacted to the challenge by creating a myth and image of himself as a "supernatural personal power" ordained by God. The Sharif of the Hijaz suffers due to the divisive sectarian schisms of his faith, And lo! According to Beatrice Forbes Manz, "in his formal correspondence Temur continued throughout his life to portray himself as the restorer of Chinggisid rights. Timur's short-lived empire also melded the Turko-Persian tradition in Transoxiana, and in most of the territories that he incorporated into his fiefdom, Persian became the primary language of administration and literary culture (diwan), regardless of ethnicity. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. Amir امیر Timur Lang تیمور لنگ: Timur Beg Gurkani [76] The city's inhabitants were massacred, except for the artisans, who were deported to Samarkand. This is supported by the fact that besides Iran, Timur simply plundered the states he invaded with a purpose of enriching his native Samarqand and neglected the conquered areas, which may have resulted in a relatively quick disintegration of his Empire after his death. For the poem, see, Timur facial reconstruction from skull, by. [105] Timur was also noted for attacking the Shia with Sunni apologism, while at other times he attacked Sunnis on religious ground as well. However, Ibn Khaldun praises Timur for having unified much of the Muslim world when other conquerors of the time could not. Thinking that the end was close, Timur directed all his attention to that ant and watched how troubled by the wind or the size of her cargo, the ant fell back down to the ground each time she climbed the wall. Early life. [64], In the meantime, Tokhtamysh, now khan of the Golden Horde, turned against his patron and in 1385 invaded Azerbaijan. His military campaigns have caused the deaths of 17 million people which was 5 per cent of the world population during that time. One of the most formidable of Timur's opponents was another Mongol ruler, a descendant of Genghis Khan named Tokhtamysh. Timur then spent some time in Ardabil, where he gave Ali Safavi, leader of the Safaviyya, a number of captives. In 1383, Timur started his lengthy military conquest of Persia, though he already ruled over much of Persian Khorasan by 1381, after Khwaja Mas'ud, of the Sarbadar dynasty surrendered. At a young age, he and the members of his family were kidnapped by a rogue band of Mongol raiders and carried off to Samarkand. Timur has embarrassed him. Timur then loaded his camels with as much wood and hay as they could carry. Bhatner was looted and burned to the ground. [83], While Timur was still in Anatolia, Qara Yusuf assaulted Baghdad and captured it in 1402. [109][110], A persistent nature of Timur's character is said to have appeared after an unsuccessful raid into nearby village, thought to have taken place at the early stages of his illustrious life. Timur’s father’s name was Taraqai, a minor chieftain of the Barlas tribe. Normally, people with the name Timur keep their promises.They like to live a king size life. Timur spent the next 35 years in various wars and expeditions. This is the excerpt from one of Timur's letters addressed to Ottoman sultan: "Believe me, you are but pismire ant: don't seek to fight the elephants for they'll crush you under their feet. The name Timur Lenk signified Timur the Lame, a title of contempt used by his Persian enemies, which became Tamburlaine, or Tamerlane, in Europe. However, he died en route during an uncharacteristic winter campaign. Uzbek Temir, Turkish Demir). Writing in 1403, Jean, Archbishop of Sultaniyya claimed that she was of lowly origins. Jl. Conquests in the south and south-West encompassed almost every province in Persia, including Baghdad, Karbala and Northern Iraq. Abazov, Rafis. [29], The origins of Timur's mother, Tekina Khatun, are less clear. His father, Taraghai was described as a minor noble of this tribe. Once more details are available on who he is dating, we will update this section. Timur is most likely named after the late medieval Turco-Mongol conqueror, Timur (1336-1405). The father of Taimur Lang (Tamerlane/Timur) was Amir Taraghay. Timur was heir to a political, economic, and cultural heritage rooted in the pastoral peoples and nomad traditions of Central Asia. The relationship between them became strained after Husayn abandoned efforts to carry out Timur's orders to finish off Ilya Khoja (former governor of Mawarannah) close to Tashkent. [32] Ibn Arabshah suggested that she was a descendant of Genghis Khan. Timur considered himself to be a devout Muslim. In the end, Persia was split amongst the Muzaffarids, Kartids, Eretnids, Chobanids, Injuids, Jalayirids, and Sarbadars. 'tiger'; 14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530), born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the founder of the Mughal Empire and first Emperor of the Mughal dynasty (r. 1526–1530) in the Indian subcontinent.He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his father and mother respectively. However, historian Beatrice Forbes Manzbelieves that Timur ma… [28] Through his alleged descent from this marriage, Timur claimed kinship with the Chagatai Khans. [57] An eye-witness counted more than 28 towers constructed of about 1,500 heads each. After his accession, he quarreled with Timur over the possession of Khwarizm and Azerbaijan. The Golden Horde no longer held power after their losses to Timur. [19][20] Of all the areas he conquered, Khwarazm suffered the most from his expeditions, as it rose several times against him. He not only consolidated his rule at home by the subjugation of his foes, but sought extension of territory by encroachments upon the lands of foreign potentates. [95] After the latter's death, Timur did nothing to replace him. His massacres were selective and he spared the artistic and educated. [90] After his death the Ming envoys such as Fu An and the remaining entourage were released[87] by his grandson Khalil Sultan. Cowell, Professor (first name not given). He was a contemporary of the Persian poet Hafez, and a story of their meeting explains that Timur summoned Hafiz, who had written a ghazal with the following verse: For the black mole on thy cheek Feared throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe, the armies under the regiment of Timur were majorly multi-ethnic. [131][132] Like many famous people and celebrities, Timur Bekmambetov keeps his personal life private. Like many famous people and celebrities, Timur Acar keeps his personal life private. According to the Mongol traditions, Timur could not claim the title of khan or rule the Mongol Empire because he was not a descendant of Genghis Khan. Ahmad was unpopular but got some dangerous help from Qara Yusuf of the Kara Koyunlu; he fled again in 1399, this time to the Ottomans. Timur preferred to fight his battles in the spring. [24] Tumanay's great-great grandson Qarachar Noyan was a minister for the emperor who later assisted the latter's son Chagatai in the governorship of Transoxiana. Then he advanced and captured Multan by October. Who was the Father and Mother of Taimur lang (Tamerlane/Timur)? Search US census records for Timur. Timur was a practicing Sunni Muslim, possibly belonging to the Naqshbandi school, which was influential in Transoxiana. [136], The first supposed victim of the curse was the Afsharid ruler of Persia Nader Shah, who took the slab of jade from Timur's final resting place to Persia in 1740 and broke it in two halves. [36] He was a member of the Barlas, a Mongolian tribe[37][38] that had been turkified in many aspects. Personal Life. Mother Name. Engke Khan sent his grandson Öljei Temür Khan, also known as "Buyanshir Khan" after he converted to Islam while at the court of Timur in Samarkand.[88]. Undeterred, Timur's soldiers flooded the tunnels by cutting into a channel overhead. This page was last edited on 24 January 2021, at 12:02. [71][unreliable source? As an undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history. [47] Timur instead used the title of Amir meaning general, and acting in the name of the Chagatai ruler of Transoxania. Timur ordered that every soldier should return with at least two severed human heads to show him. Both injuries crippled him for life. [107] According to John Joseph Saunders, Timur was "the product of an Islamized and Iranized society", and not steppe nomadic. [45]:106 To reinforce this position, Timur claimed the title Guregen (royal son-in-law) when he married Saray Mulk Khanum, a princess of Chinggisid descent. The Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of Central Asia. Dewi. 2. [12][13]:1 Though not a Borjigid or a descendant of Genghis Khan,[14] Timur clearly sought to invoke the legacy of the latter's conquests during his lifetime. C. P. Atwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. When they ran out of men to kill, many warriors killed prisoners captured earlier in the campaign, and when they ran out of prisoners to kill, many resorted to beheading their own wives.[77]. Timur is known in his local variety of Turkish as Timur i Leng, meaning Timur the Lame. Timur’s name means iron in the Chagatai language of Transoxiana (modern Uzbekistan), the harsh steppe land of his birth in 1336. During this advance, Timur's army got far enough north to be in a region of very long summer days causing complaints by his Muslim soldiers about keeping a long schedule of prayers. In memory of this miraculous deliverance of the Russian land from Timur on 26 August, the all-Russian celebration in honor of the Meeting of the Vladimir Icon of the Most Holy Mother of God was established. Timur arguably had a significant impact on the Renaissance culture and early modern Europe. Manchester University Press, Manchester 1981. Shah Rukh. [85], By 1368, Han Chinese forces had driven the Mongols out of China. Early life. [57] This would later influence the next great Persian conqueror: Nader Shah. Clavijo's visit to Samarkand allowed him to report to the European audience on the news from Cathay (China), which few Europeans had been able to visit directly in the century that had passed since the travels of Marco Polo. [78], Finally, Timur invaded Anatolia and defeated Bayezid in the Battle of Ankara on 20 July 1402. In 1386, Timur passed through Mazandaran as he had when trying to capture the Zagros. Timur[5] (Chagatay: تيمور Temür "Iron"; 9 April 1336 – 17–19 February 1405), later Timūr Gurkānī (Chagatay: تيمور کورگن Temür Küregen),[6] sometimes spelled Taimur and historically best known as Amir Timur or Tamerlane[7] (Persian: تيمور لنگ‎ Temūr(-i) Lang; Chagatay: اقساق تیمور Aqsaq Temür,[8] "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. Timur died on 18 February, 1405 at Otrar in Kazakhstan and is buried at Gur-e Amir in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. It was not until 1409 that Timur's youngest son, Shah Rukh was able to overcome his rivals and take the throne as Timur's successor. Miran Shah was born in 1366, the third of Timur's four sons. [42] This is shown by Timur returning to his birthplace following the death of his father in 1360, suggesting concern over his estate. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 1.18 (2005): 231–243. In Tirmidh, he had come under the influence of his spiritual mentor Sayyid Baraka, a leader from Balkh who is buried alongside Timur in Gur-e-Amir. Shall a petty prince such as you are contend with us? But your rodomontades (braggadocio) are not extraordinary; for a Turcoman never spake with judgement. His name Temur means "Iron" in the Chagatai language, his mother-tongue (cf. [55] Though many rebelled, and his son Miran Shah, who may have been regent, was forced to annex rebellious vassal dynasties, his holdings remained. He was pulled away before reaching the Oka River by Tokhtamysh's renewed campaign in the south.[65]. [124]:341–44, Other Europeans viewed Timur as a barbaric enemy who presented a threat to both European culture and the religion of Christianity. Timur’s name means iron in the Chagatai language of Transoxiana (modern Uzbekistan), the harsh steppe land of his birth in 1336. Though there are not many mentions of Qarachar in 13th and 14th century records, later Timurid sources greatly emphasised his role in the early history of the Mongol Empire. Was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through his mother and was descendant of Timur through his father. Timur's invasion and destruction of Delhi continued the chaos that was still consuming India, and the city would not be able to recover from the great loss it suffered for almost a century.[9]:269–274. [73] He also sacked Sivas in Asia Minor.[74]. Gerasimov reconstructed the likeness of Timur from his skull and found that his facial characteristics displayed "typical Mongoloid features" ( the correct modern classification term being changed to East Asian ). [citation needed], In December 1402, Timur besieged and took the city of Smyrna, a stronghold of the Christian Knights Hospitalers, thus he referred to himself as ghazi or "Warrior of Islam". After having been a refugee in Timur's court, Tokhtamysh became ruler both of the eastern Kipchak and the Golden Horde. : The Cambridge History of Iran, p55. [47] Otherwise he was described as a spiritual descendant of Ali, thus taken lineage of both to Genghis Khan and the Quraysh.[48]. He has behaved like the quintessential ugly Afghan-American, Idris thinks. Timur or Tamerlane (8 April 1336 – 17 February 1405) was a Turk conqueror in the 14th century who is regarded as one of history's greatest military leaders and strategists. [87] Neither Hongwu's next ambassador, Chen Dewen (1397), nor the delegation announcing the accession of the Yongle Emperor fared any better. [51] Timur then sent a General to capture rebellious Kandahar. The Ottoman armies were at the time invading Eastern Europe and Timur was ironically seen as an ally. [M. Petis de la Croix] tells us, that there are calumnies and impostures, which have been published by authors of romances, and Turkish writers who were his enemies, and envious at his glory: among whom is Ahmed Bin Arabschah ... As Timur-Bec had conquered the Turks and Arabians of Syria, and had even taken the Sultan Bajazet prisoner, it is no wonder that he has been misrepresented by the historians of those nations, who, in despite of truth, and against the dignity of history, have fallen into great excesses on this subject. Taimur was born in 1336 A.D (Chagatai region) to Amir Taraghay (father) & Tekina Khatun (mother) in a Persian city, now known as Shahrisabz and is situated in modern-day Uzbekistan. Timur decisively defeated the Christian Knights Hospitaller at the Siege of Smyrna, styling himself a ghazi. It is also said that when Gerasimov exhumed the body, an additional inscription inside the casket was found, which read, "Whomsoever [sic] opens my tomb shall unleash an invader more terrible than I. [33] In addition to this, the father of the great Amir Hamid Kereyid of Moghulistan is stated as a friend of Taraghai's. With the capture of Herat the Kartid kingdom surrendered and became vassals of Timur; it would later be annexed outright less than a decade later in 1389 by Timur's son Miran Shah. [9]:91 By the end of his reign, Timur had gained complete control over all the remnants of the Chagatai Khanate, the Ilkhanate, and the Golden Horde, and even attempted to restore the Yuan dynasty in China. Bayezid began annexing the territory of Turkmen and Muslim rulers in Anatolia. Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq fled with remnants of his forces. Hafez, undaunted, replied, "It is by similar generosity that I have been reduced, as you see, to my present state of poverty." [107] He is credited with the invention of the Tamerlane chess variant, played on a 10×11 board.[113]. Founded the Mughal Empire after his victories at the First Battle of Panipat and the Battle of Khanwa. In the second phase of the conflict, Timur took a different route against the enemy by invading the realm of Tokhtamysh via the Caucasus region. James Louis Garvin, Franklin Henry Hooper, Warren E. Cox. William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Peter Avery, Lawrence Lockhart, John Andrew Boyle, Ilya Gershevitch, Richard Nelson Frye, Charles Melville, Gavin Hambly, "The Descendants of Sayyid Ata and the Rank of Naqīb in Central Asia" by Devin. It was ruled by the Chagatai Khans, who were descendants of Genghis’ son of the same name, and Timur’s father was a minor noble in the Barlas, a Mongolian tribe which had been influenced by Islamic and Turkic culture in the century since the Mongol conquests. A literary form of Chagatai Turkic came into use alongside Persian as both a cultural and an official language. He converted nearly all the Borjigin leaders to Islam during his lifetime. [23], The capture of the Delhi Sultanate was one of Timur's greatest victories, as at that time, Delhi was one of the richest cities in the world. Timur has now been officially recognized as a national hero in Uzbekistan. Inspired by the diligent ant, he decided that he would never again lose hope, and eventually the chain of events, coupled with his persistence and military genius led to him becoming arguably the most powerful monarch of his era. [52], Timur then headed west to capture the Zagros Mountains, passing through Mazandaran. When Herat did not surrender he reduced the city to rubble and massacred most of its citizens; it remained in ruins until Shah Rukh ordered its reconstruction. Early life. Timur Shah Durrani, (Pashto, Persian, Urdu, Arabic: تیمور شاہ درانی ; 1748 – May 18, 1793) was the second ruler of the Durrani Empire, from 4 June 1772 until his death in 1793. Though not a Chinggisid,he clearly sought to invoke the legacy of G… "Family is very important when it comes to names," says Maria Pervesco, a native Russian speaker and author of a forthcoming autobiography about her early years in Europe and immigration to America during World War II. He justified his Iranian, Mamluk, and Ottoman campaigns as a re-imposition of legitimate Mongol control over lands taken by usurpers. The inevitable response by Timur resulted in the Tokhtamysh–Timur war. that young Tatar (Timur) has boldly re-envisioned magnanimous victories of overwhelming conquest. [citation needed], The Malfuzat-i Timurī and the appended Tuzūk-i Tīmūrī, supposedly Timur's own autobiography, are almost certainly 17th-century fabrications. In 1402, the time of the Battle of Ankara, two Spanish ambassadors were already with Timur: Pelayo de Sotomayor and Fernando de Palazuelos. Timur Acar’s mother’s name is unknown at this time and his father’s name is under review. Timur is regarded as a military genius and as a brilliant tactician with an uncanny ability to work within a highly fluid political structure to win and maintain a loyal following of nomads during his rule in Central Asia. In the meantime, years of insulting letters had passed between Timur and Bayezid. Taking advantage of his Turco-Mongolian heritage, Timur frequently used either the Islamic religion or the sharia law, fiqh, and traditions of the Mongol Empire to achieve his military goals or domestic political aims. [45]:116 Around 1363, it is believed that Timur tried to steal a sheep from a shepherd but was shot by two arrows, one in his right leg and another in his right hand, where he lost two fingers. Titular name Personal name Reign Timur ruled over the Chagatai Khanate with Soyurghatmïsh Khan as nominal Khan followed by Sultan Mahmud Khan. While Central Asia blossomed under his reign, other places, such as Baghdad, Damascus, Delhi and other Arab, Georgian, Persian, and Indian cities were sacked and destroyed and their populations massacred. [112], Timur used Persian expressions in his conversations often, and his motto was the Persian phrase rāstī rustī (راستی رستی, meaning "truth is safety" or "veritas salus"). All Rights Reserved. On their return, Timur affirmed that he regarded the king of Castile "as his very own son". In the Name of the Father (1993) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. His mother was a concubine, Mengli Khatun, daughter of Hayut of the Jauni Qurban tribe.. Relations between the court of Henry III of Castile and that of Timur played an important part in medieval Castilian diplomacy. In the first phase of the conflict with Tokhtamysh, Timur led an army of over 100,000 men north for more than 700 miles into the steppe.