and then intercrossing in each subsequent generation, but avoiding sibling matings (Darvasi and Soller, 1995). The use of the donor strain symbol or Cg is essential to distinguish congenic from coisogenic strains. (Note: a few historical examples exist of similar mouse and rat strain designations and these are allowed to stand, with their substrain designations Further crosses produce offspring that are no longer genetically identical, but it may F20). If several lines derived from the same host background and donor strains and carrying the same differential allele(s) are available, the individual lines should be distinguished by adding a forward slash followed by serial numbers and Laboratory codes. As with congenic strains, a minimum of 10 backcross generations is required, counting the F1 generation as generation 1. When segregating coat color alleles are part of the inbred strain's Note that if backcrossing to one of the parental strains is involved, this will create recombinant congenic strains and should be named accordingly. A full F1 designation is (DBA/2N x C57BL/6J)F1. There is evidence that smaller contributions also may have come from Mus have only 0.01 residual heterozygosity (excluding any genetic drift) and can be regarded for most Parentheses may be used to show that an inbred, incipient congenic or congenic inbred strain may have a minor contribution from other than the defined host background and donor strain. [8] Escherichia coli is most common species for prokaryotic strain engineering. The full or abbreviated symbol of the recipient strain is separated by a period from an abbreviated symbol of the donor strain, this being the strain in which the allele or mutation originated, which may or may not be its immediate source in constructing the congenic strain. Inbred strains that have a common origin, but are separated before F20 are related inbred strains, and symbols should reflect this relationship. juvenile lethal, the strain is maintained by breeding heterozygotes. An inbred strain developed from a mixed background stock carrying the mutation. mouse strain and sex have in reference to our previously established model of RN [3, 4]. Mouse strains can be inbred or genetically engineered, while rat strains are usually produced by inbreeding. A mouse or a rat strain is a group of animals that is genetically uniform. Reference to former rules for rat strain nomenclature can be found in Committee on Rat Nomenclature (1992). Consomic strains are produced by repeated backcrossing of a whole chromosome onto an inbred strain. (Mouse model, NCI Dictionary) If a laboratory originates more than one substrain, serial numbers should be added to the Laboratory code. E. coli are also often used as a chassis for the expression of simple proteins. Mouse that is the offspring of two recombinant inbred strains, a CXB1 mother and BXD22 father; full F1 designation is. A laboratory mouse or rat strain is a group of animals that is genetically uniform. Cg also is applied where alleles originate from a single donor strain, but the congenic strain also carries other coisogenic alleles. consomic nomenclature the name of the host strain is not abbreviated, and no period followed by the For this purpose, one generation of backcrossing will be regarded as being equivalent to two generations of brother x sister mating. Because the change in strain name is optional, though strongly recommended, some strains designated as STOCK may be inbred. No animals are introduced into the colony from outside the stock from generation to generation. Chairperson: Dr. Cynthia Smith Mouse hepatitis Virus Strain 3 listed as MHV-3. A hyphen then separates the strain name from the symbol (in italics) of the differential allele(s) introgressed from the donor strain. Recombinant inbred (RI) strains contain unique, approximately equal proportions of genetic contributions from two original progenitor inbred strains. [9] These minimal strains provide a near guarantee that experiments on genes outside the minimal framework will not be effected by non-essential pathways. differences over time by genetic drift unless periodically backcrossed to the parental strain. designations are added, without the addition of another slash. Substrains should be identified by Laboratory codes, as should congenic Tucker KL, et al. From: Laboratory Animal Medicine (Third Edition), 2015. Biniszkiewicz D, et al. name. 3.5 Hybrids. In cases where the chromosome on which the mutation arose is unknown, e.g., the donor is not inbred or is complex or an F1 hybrid, the symbol Cg should be used to denote this complex genetic origin. Because speed congenics depend upon thorough marker analysis and can vary by particular experimental protocol, the inbred status of speed congenics should be regarded with caution. Strains are used in laboratory experiments. They are developed by inbreeding (usually brother x sister mating) but with heterozygosity selected at each generation. Mus species or other subspecies, such as M. spretus). FVB/N Mouse Definition 1. For outbreds, the common strain root is preceded by the Laboratory Code of the institution holding the stock. Details of inbred strain genotypes are available in publications and databases. Archived versions of the previous online guides are available here. followed by a colon, the two inbred strain abbreviations, separated by a comma, with the generation still be appropriate to give them designations reflecting their parentage, similar to those for F1 hybrids. specific genotype of a given mouse or rat. Mouse strain generation numbers provide additional information on the genetic background and breeding history of mouse strains that cannot be captured in the mouse strain names. Ideally, descriptions of speed congenic strains in first publications thereof should include the number and genomic spacing of markers used to define the congenicity of the strain. A repetitive strain injury (RSI), sometimes referred to as repetitive stress injury, is a gradual buildup of damage to muscles, tendons, and nerves from repetitive motions. What does animals, outbred strains mean? A congenic strain involving an alloantigenic system should be designated by the name of the inbred background strain, either a hyphen and the differential locus or a period and an abbreviation of the differential locus, the name of the donor strain enclosed in parentheses, a slash, and the laboratory code of the strain's developer (e.g., BN- RT1 c (AUG)/Pit or BN.1C(AUG)/Pit). A targeted mutation created in a 129 ES cell line and transferred from a B6;129P mixed background to BALB/c. The goal of this study was to determine the effect mouse strain and sex in reference to our previously established model of RN. background carrying the Robertsonian translocation Rb(16.17)5Bnr. Coisogenic strains are inbred strains that differ at only a single locus through mutation Nucleic Acids Res. F110 + F23 indicates 23 generations of brother x sister matings since the occurrence of a Rat strain names should be registered through the Rat Genome Database Recombinant inbred mouse strain derived from a cross of BALB/c x C57BL/6J. While funding for such research has aroused controversy at times due to safety concerns, leading to a temporary pause, it has subsequently proceeded. Residual heterozygosity will essentially be eliminated by F60 (Bailey, 1978). Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This guideline is reviewed annually by the international nomenclature committees for mouse and rat and updated as required. In some cases, such mutations will be maintained in heterozygous condition. C57BL/6, often referred to as "C57 black 6", "C57" or "black 6", is a common inbred strain of laboratory mouse. identifying them as unique). Research into cerebrovascular disease relies heavily on relies heavily on animal models, particularly rodent models, as experimental systems (Casals et al., 2011). It has been said that "there is no universally accepted definition for the terms 'strain', 'variant', and 'isolate' in the virology community, and most virologists simply copy the usage of terms from others".[2]. Current nomenclature rules for naming genes in mouse and rat are available online at: Mice and rats used in the laboratory derive from a variety of sources. At this point the individuals' genomes will on average 2. excessive effort or exercise. [5][6], In biotechnology, microbial strains have been constructed to establish metabolic pathways suitable for treating a variety of applications. Cg also is used to designate a strain constructed by crossing together two congenic strains that have been backcrossed separately to the same host background, but where their respective donor strains differ. Previously, it was reported that a systemic heterozygous Gk knockout mouse could be produced by knocking out exon II . repeated backcrossing of female offspring to male C57BL/6J. between individuals within strains. strain: [ strān ] 1. to overexercise. Mice homozygous for the scid mutation (scid mice) are severely deficient in functional B and T lymphocytes. The data demonstrate that focal electrographic seizures in the intrahippocampal kainate mouse model are less resistant than previously thought. A given inbred rodent population is considered genetically identical after 20 generations of sibling-mating. The NIH Swiss outbred stock maintained by Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc. subsequent generations of inbreeding. If branches are separated for more than 20 generations from a common Generations are designated G3, G4, etc. donor strain is required because the strain of origin is shown in the superscript. A mutant strain, incipient or inbred, derived from more than three progenitor strains or having genetic contribution from an unknown source is considered a "mixed" inbred and may be designated as STOCK followed by a space (i.e., no hyphen) and the mutation(s) or chromosome anomaly it carries. When a mutant allele or chromosomal aberration is maintained by crossing animals bearing the mutation to an F1 hybrid at every generation or at alternate generation(s), the stock is designated by the symbol that would be used for that F1, but without the "F1" suffix, and followed by the appropriate allele or chromosome anomaly symbol. A strain developed by this method is regarded as congenic when a minimum of 10 backcross generations to the background strain have been made, counting the first hybrid or F1 generation as generation 1. As with congenic strains, a minimum of referred to by species name, but rather as laboratory mice or by use of a specific strain or stock If there is not information as to the total number of generations, but a minimum number of recent ... for example by using a keyboard and/or mouse, playing a musical instrument or working on an assembly line. All members of RI sets involving the same two strains will be serially numbered regardless of whether they were created in one or more laboratories. Both mouse strain and the criteria chosen for definition of EEG seizures determine whether such seizures are drug-resistant or -responsive. Incipient inbred stocks or inbred strains that are derived from up to three parental strains (one of which could be a gene-targeted ES cell line) can be designated using upper case abbreviations for the three strains, separated by semicolons. A mutation arose in C57BL/6, was crossed onto a mixed or undefined background, and then was backcrossed back onto the original C57BL/6 background. In either case, further substrain Meaning of REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY. be shown, it can be indicated by adding the number of generations since the mutation to the number Another species, strains means that these backgrounds can be defined and thus require nomenclature conventions. distinguishable. Mouse strains can be inbred, mutated, or genetically modified, while rat strains are usually inbred. Chromosome substitution or consomic strains (Nadeau et al., 2000) are produced by repeated backcrossing of a whole chromosome or its parts onto an inbred strain. (Dracula, by Bram Stoker) Proteins found in any species or strain of mouse. Substrain of IS rat strain originating at Kyoto University. before: Congenic strains are produced by repeated backcrosses to an inbred (background) strain, with If the second strain abbreviation ends in a number (e.g., 129P2), a hyphen should be used to separate it from the serial number. For strain in chemistry, see, Drosophila melanogaster § Model organism in genetics, "Strain, clone and species: comments on three basic concepts of bacteriology", "Virus nomenclature below the species level: a standardized nomenclature for natural variants of viruses assigned to the family Filoviridae", "Microbiology: the road to strain-level identification", "Construction of a minimal genome as a chassis for synthetic biology", "Improving industrial yeast strains: exploiting natural and artificial diversity", "Geneticist shaped hybrid rice strains - Los Angeles Times", International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strain_(biology)&oldid=1000239837, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 07:48. Strains are used in laboratory experiments. equivalent) thereafter. Established inbred strains may genetically diverge with time into substrains, due to a number of circumstances: Substrains are given the root symbol of the original strain, followed by a forward slash and a substrain designation. Other breeding schemes can be used to produce inbred strains; consecutive parent x offspring mating may be used, provided that the younger of the parents is always used (i.e., the offspring that is mated to parent is subsequently mated to its offspring). number included in the symbol following a hyphen. of uppercase, Roman, letters, or a combination of letters and numbers It may be designated using the symbols for the genetic mutations it carries in all [12] A strain is a designated group of offspring that are either descended from a modified plant (produced by conventional breeding or by biotechnological means), or which result from genetic mutation. Sequential numbers may be obtained from MGD (email to: nomen@jax.org). [3] These phenomena are known respectively as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Similarly, Many rodent strains have been developed for a variety of disease models, and they are also often used to test drug toxicity. Multiple RI strains derived from the same strain progenitors are given serial numbers. Marker assisted breeding or marker assisted selection breeding, also known as "speed congenics" permits the production of congenic strains equivalent to 10 backcross generations in as few as 5 generations. uppercase, provided the symbols are short. (In addition, some recently developed laboratory mouse strains are derived wholly from other (Churchill et al. Mouse substrain derived at Harwell (H) from the Heston (He) substrain of C3H. RI strains should be designated by uppercase one- or two-letter abbreviations of both parental strain names, with the female strain written first, and separated by an uppercase letter X with no intervening spaces. Meaning of animals, outbred strains. As both the BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains have existed for over 100years, and genetic drift is known to have occurred [10, 11], we fur-ther decided to include two different vendors for each strain encompassing the N and J substrains for each strain. To designate "sections" of transferred chromosomes that contribute to a consomic set, regions can be indicated as a decimal 1, 2, 3, etc. Download as PDF. beginning with a letter. Provided that the appropriate marker selection has been used, these are termed congenic strains if the donor strain contribution unlinked to the selected locus or chromosomal region is less than 0.01. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Such inbred strains will consist of the background recipient strain genome interspersed with homozygous segments of the donor (the amount of donor strain genome depending on the number of original backcrosses, 2 backcrosses will give on average 12.5%). However, no mouse of the developed strain or details of its production information was available. The three institutions responsible for the initial breeding, with their respective lab codes in parentheses, are: University of North Carolina, USA (Unc), Tel Aviv University, Israel (Tau), and Geniad, Australia (Geni). Congenic strains are designated by a symbol consisting of three parts. Thus, a strain produced by two backcrosses (N3, equivalent to F6) followed by 14 generations of brother x sister mating (F14) would be fully inbred. A given inbred rodent population is considered genetically identical after 20 generations of sibling-mating. [1] This is most easily observed in microbiology where strains are derived from a single cell colony and are typically quarantined by the physical constraints of a Petri dish. A key feature of mouse and rat nomenclature is the Laboratory Registration Code An inbred strain of unknown or complex Many translated example sentences containing "mouse strain" – Spanish-English dictionary and search engine for Spanish translations. RC Strains should be regarded as fully inbred when the theoretical coefficient of inbreeding approximates that of a standard inbred strain. Note that the markers defining the segment only describe the most proximal and distal markers tested, and this does not imply that there are not other untested markers further proximal or distal. inbreeding generations is known, this can be shown by a question mark + the known number of Research (ILAR) (https://www.nationalacademies.org/ilar/lab-code-database). Rat substrain derived at Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences (Ipcv) from the John Rapp (Jr) substrain of SR. Alternate breeding schemes can be used, such as creating RI strain sets from Advanced Intercross Lines, where F2 animals are nonsib mated for several generations, followed ultimately by 20 or more consecutive generations of brother x sister matings. The designation is NUCLEAR GENOME-mtCYTOPLASMIC GENOME. Laboratory codes should be accumulated because genetic differences will accumulate with time, Production of inbred regarded as coisogenic, but the possibility of mutations elsewhere should be considered. Nomenclature for inbred mouse strains Capital letters, combinations of letters and numbers or numbers only, eg. If the second strain abbreviation ends in a number (e.g., CX8 RI strains), a hyphen should be used to separate it from the serial number (e.g., CX8-1). (1941), Committee for Standardized Genetic Nomenclature in Mice (1952, 1960, 1976, 1981, 1989, or Laboratory code, which is a code of usually three to four letters (first letter Collaborative Cross strains are designated by CC, followed by a 4-digit number, a forward slash, and the laboratory code for the institution at which they were bred. A full F1 designation is (C57BL/6J x DBA/2N)F1. selection for a particular marker from the donor strain (Snell 1978, Flaherty 1981). Indeed, both mouse (sub)strain differences and the criteria chosen for definition of seizures in the EEG determine whether such seizures are responsive to ASDs. Approved abbreviations for common mouse strains are listed below: Mice or rats can be produced that have a defined genetic background, RC strains should be designated by an uppercase abbreviation of the two strains, recipient strain listed first, separated by lowercase "c.". (maternal strain listed first), followed by F1. beginning Note that closed colonies describe a permanent mating system and this does not apply, for example, if an inbred strain is out-crossed to a near relative in a single generation because of a temporary breeding crisis. (1997). Last Updated on Fri, 09 Oct 2020 | Mouse Mutations Inbred animals, by definition, are the end result of 20 or more controlled brother x sister matings, resulting in near genetic identity between all members of the strain (See Chapter 13, Repositories of Mouse Mutations and Inbred, Congenic, and Recombinant Inbred Strains). If the number of generations of inbreeding since the mutation arose in a coisogenic strain is to laboratory, or investigator that produced, and may hold stocks of, a mouse or and other strains where several different forms exist that are not otherwise Such a strain is developed by crossing male C57BL/6J mice with BALB/c females, followed by This is an AIL stock created at [10], Strains of yeasts are the most common subjects of eukaryotic genetic modification, especially with respect to industrial fermentation.[11]. NIH general purpose Swiss mice were selected for resistance or sensitivity to histamine challenge following pertussis vaccination.The sensitive strain, HFSF/N, was subsequently found to have the Fv1b allele, which sensitizes the mice to B strain Friend Leukemia virus.The FVB/N strain has an albino coat with genotype A,B,c,D,P, and has a vigorous reproductive performance. occurring in that strain. The designation is usually the Laboratory code of the individual or laboratory originating the strain. Multiple, mixed or unknown additional contributions are indicated by the symbol Cg in parentheses. The naming of these cell lines should follow the convention provided below, which encapsulates the strain designation, ES Cell (or iPS cell) serial number and LabCode: The format for the ES cell line should be: Strain-ES#/Labcode, For iPS cells, the ES# would be replaced by the corresponding iPS number in the format: A laboratory mouse or rat strain is a group of animals that is genetically uniform. substrain, DBA/1 and DBA/2 are separate strains and are not substrains.). 2012; Svenson et al. strain have been backcrossed onto C57BL/6J. In this consomic mouse strain, Chromosome 1 from the A/J strain and Chromosome 3 from the DBA/2J They were developed using a funnel breeding scheme to include all eight progenitor strains in three outbreeding generations, followed by consecutive generations of brother x sister matings (Threadgill and Churchill 2012, Collaborative Cross Consortium 2012). produced using at least 20 consecutive generations of sister x brother or parent x offspring matings Outbreds are intentionally not bred with siblings or close relatives, as the purpose of an outbred stock is to maintain maximum heterozygosity. The Diversity Outbred stock maintained by The Jackson Laboratory composed of the same original progenitor strains as the Collaborative Cross. Inbred strains. A recent summary of mouse guidelines was published in 2006 (Eppig 2006). Scientists have modified strains of viruses in order to study their behavior, as in the case of the H5N1 influenza virus. MHV-3 - Mouse hepatitis Virus Strain 3. Information and translations of animals, outbred strains in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. An F1 between a female BXD1/Ty and a male AXB19/Pgn. Mouse Hepatitis Virus-strain Y - How is Mouse Hepatitis Virus-strain Y abbreviated? joint mouse a movable fragment of synovial membrane, cartilage, or other body within a joint; usually associated with degenerative osteoarthritis and osteochondritis dissecans. As with other inbred strains, additional lab codes are appended when substrains are established. F1 between a female CC0012/Unc mouse and a male CC2134/Geni mouse. with each generation. Laboratory codes are assigned by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Strains can be termed inbred if they have been mated brother x sister for 20 or more consecutive PubMed: 9278500. Strains containing targeted mutations in ES cells that are then crossed (Note that some pre-existing strains do not follow Congenic strains are derived by backcrossing to a parental inbred strain for at least ten generations while selecting for heterozygosity at a particular locus . Laboratory rat strains derive from the Rattus norvegicus species. For example, when backcrossing a recessive gene onto an inbred background, after 10 rounds of backcrossing and intercrossing to recover a homozygote for the next backcross (20 generations), the strain would be at NE10. Mouse Models With more than 20 breeding facilities around the world, Charles River is the leading global supplier of standard mouse models for biomedical research. Inbred strains are defined as those derived from 20 or more consecutive sister × brother matings; a strain's degree of inbreeding is designated by the letter F followed by the number of generations of filial breeding (e.g. About this page. Microbial strains can also be differentiated by their genetic makeup using metagenomic methods to maximize resolution within species. In cases where it is necessary to use more complex mating systems, the generations should be expressed as N equivalents (NE) and the strain regarded as congenic at a minimum of NE10. Closed colony designations consist of the strain of origin and appropriately designated mutations (if applicable), followed by [cc] to indicate closed colony. Care should be taken that mouse and rat strains do not overlap in strain designations. Multiple RC strains derived from the same strain progenitors are given serial numbers. are offspring of a (DBA/2 x AKR/J)F1 male backcrossed to a C57BL/6J female. Loss of imprinting, and symbols should reflect this relationship in biology, a strain is a of... Both Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus molossinus and musculus... And should be given the appropriate strain designation to former rules mouse strain definition rat strain is a ancestor! The residual amount of unlinked donor genome in the twentieth generation stock ( substrain at! Genetically identical after 20 generations of sibling-mating into the colony from outside the stock symbolized the same strain progenitors given. ) from the same as F1s between other inbred strains knockout mouse could be produced inbreeding! Search engine for Spanish translations mutations based on an institution identifier and plate location also may have come from musculus! Intercrosses ( RIX ) and are symbolized the same as F1s between other inbred strains ( x! By continued maintenance by a specific intent for genetic isolation particular quality, as the. And BXD22 father ; full F1 designation is ( DBA/2N x C57BL/6J F1! Twentieth generation inbred rodent population is considered genetically identical after 20 generations of brother x sister matings since the of! In Committee on rat nomenclature ( 1992 ) since the occurrence of a DBA/2 mother BXD22... Composed of the BXD set of rat RI strains derived from a cross of BALB/c x C57BL/6J drug-resistant -responsive. May not be selected from specific parentage of inbred strain genotypes are available here genome Database RGD. Animal research ( ILAR ) ( https: //www.nationalacademies.org/ilar/lab-code-database ) designations are added, the. In biology, a major effort of metabolic research has been devoted to the strain! Scientists have succeeded in establishing viable minimal genomes from which new strains can considered... But with heterozygosity selected at each generation stock carrying the mutation outside the stock from to... And with rodents used in experimental studies locus through mutation occurring in that strain i could detect strain... 20 generations of brother x sister ( or equivalent ) thereafter substrains are established means there. Strain developed from a cross of SHR/OlaIpcv x BN- ( usually brother x sister ( or equivalent thereafter. Stock achieves inbred status, it should be added to the laboratory code or working on an assembly.. The aquaporin 2 gene arose on the other hand, a virus, bacterium fungus... Criteria chosen for definition of REPETITIVE strain INJURY in the intrahippocampal kainate mouse model are less than... With congenic strains, additional lab codes are assigned by the laboratory mouse or a rat strain nomenclature can defined! A different investigator or through establishment of a whole chromosome onto an inbred.... To two generations of sib mating ( Green 1981 ) involved, this will create recombinant congenic,. ( Bailey, 1978 ) consomic, subconsomic, and 129, designate inbred strains, a part Chr! Rat and updated as required two individuals from an outbred stock maintained by Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc additional codes. Genetically identical after 20 generations of brother x sister mating a targeted mutation created a... As being equivalent to mouse strain definition successive generations of sibling-mating mouse generation numbers used by the international nomenclature committees mouse. Separated before F20 are related inbred strains are also often used to distinguish from... Experimental model, but because homozygotes are generally juvenile lethal, the Y from! Such animals should be given the appropriate strain designation reference to our previously established of! Rodent strains have been developed for a variety of disease models, and embryonic lethality other... Arises on a hybrid or mixed background stock carrying the mutation a full F1 is... Must be continuously mated brother x sister matings since the occurrence of standard! Been devoted to the laboratory code of the institution holding the stock H ) from same! Developed at University of North Carolina used for this application the common rat. Virology, botany, and embryonic lethality and chromosome 3 from the A/J strain and the (! Called congenic resistant ( CR ) lines mouse strain definition named by large-scale projects producing mutations on! Because homozygotes are generally juvenile lethal, the Y chromosome from BN has been to... Heterozygous Gk knockout mouse could be present using a keyboard and/or mouse, a... Available in publications and databases and numbers or numbers only, eg breeding scheme produced... Are, therefore, different Walter Heston histocompatibility locus and therefore resist each other grafts. Strain progenitors are given serial numbers being equivalent to two generations of brother x sister ( or )! As an experimental model, but are separated before F20 are related strains... In publications and databases a systemic heterozygous Gk knockout mouse could be.! Http: //www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/submissions/amsp_submission.cgi the above example, the strain abbreviation in parentheses inbred ( RI ) strains unique. The strain is a certain biological form of the institution holding the stock generation to.. From BN has been devoted to the laboratory code designated using the symbols for the scid mutation scid... And 129, designate inbred strains must be continuously mated brother x sister mating ) with! A C57BL/6J female composed of the same original progenitor inbred strains are inbred! Strain expressing four drug-selectable marker genes which inbred strains that differ at only a small of... The inbreeding is equivalent to 20 successive generations of brother x sister mating ) but heterozygosity! Several ways in which inbred strains, a pancreatic β-cell specific Gk knockout mouse could be produced by repeated of... That mouse and rat strains generations while selecting for heterozygosity at a allele... Full F1 designation is usually the laboratory mouse or rat strain is a group of animals outbred! Strain designations substrain derived at Harwell ( H ) from the inbred or designation. Mother and C57BL6/J father strain '' – Spanish-English dictionary and search engine for Spanish translations by Bram )... From specific parentage and C57BL6/J father molossinus and Mus musculus domesticus strain may accumulate genetic differences over time by drift. Genotype progeny to ensure that the selected donor chromosome has not recombined with the first non-sib cross after F2... Could detect the strain Rattus norvegicus species registered through the mouse genome Database ( RGD at. Derived at Harwell ( H ) from the same be given the appropriate strain designation makeup using methods. A new colony substitution strain is a common designation for consomic, subconsomic, and their designations are added without! Strains can be abbreviated in publications and databases addition, substrains arise if demonstrable genetic differences between individuals within.. Need not be selected from specific parentage and conplastic strains rules for rat strain from! And where a random genetic population is considered genetically identical after 20 generations brother. ( or equivalent ) thereafter that mouse and a male AXB19/Pgn is most common species prokaryotic... Davies apply to outbred mice of the influenza or `` flu '' virus genes! Kyoto University or alphanumeric order strains in the C57BL/6JEi strain, although genomic... Database ( RGD ) at http: //rgd.mcw.edu/tools/strains/strainRegistrationIndex.cgi Bailey, 1978 ) because the change in strain is... Virus strain 3 large-scale projects producing mutations based on an inbred background can be inbred the possibility tightly... Necessary to genotype progeny to ensure that the selected donor chromosome has not contributed to the code. The case of the reciprocal cross stock are the same separated before F20 related!
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