New York: Facts on File. The first of Fathy’s residential projects upon his return to Egypt is small in scale but has a combined effect that far exceeds the physical size of the area concerned. He was a cosmopolitan intellectual, with knowledge of Western and Eastern literature and philosophy, absorbing the influences of very different traditions. The various other spaces of the house are all related in one way or another to the linear axis set up between these two elements and fall on either one side or the other of the line that they create, depending upon the level of privacy required. Hassan Fathy issu de la bourgeoisie Cairote est né le 23 mars 1900 à Alexandrie. He worked to create an indigenous environment at a minimal cost, and by doing so, to improve the economy and the standard of … Dr. Hassan Fathy (1900-1989), became one of the outstanding architects of his generation in Africa, demonstrating that it is possible to build for the poor and teaching people to build for themselves. Who is the architect of the poor? At time of the Akil Sami house construction there was a governmental ban on mud brick, Fathy started to use limestone (Steele 1997). Il sera diplômé de l’école polytechnique de l’Université du Caire. 1980-1989 While he was looking for low-cost architecture suited for the desert climate, he learned that in sun-dried brick buildings in ancient times, workers made semicylindrical vaults without using costly wooden centering (timbering or forms) and support systems, placing arches in line aslant against a wall. A second community-oriented project that followed New Gourna at this time was a Jesuit based crafts center located at Garagos, which was intended to improve the standard of living of the people in the village there. Some of the arches appeared to have failed, and in 1988, the Jordanian architect Badi al-Abed undertook their restoration and completion of the residence according to Fathy’s designs. Fathy wanted the house to be a successful prototype of a low-cost structure, all beautiful, but also a model for tourist units. Fathy utilized ancient design methods and materials. He invested all of the money he. Biographie. Born into an affluent family, Hassan Fathy studied Western architecture at university in Cairo. • Curtis, Edward (2010). Most of them had fallen into poverty as a result of the thoroughgoing exploitation by European great powers. OCLC 650849872.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) The article tries to delve into the idea of why Hassan Fathy perhaps emerged as a solitary force in sustainable architecture for the poor in Egypt's New Gourna and perhaps why the resulting force was concentrated on New Gourna as an upcoming urban context and critically shunned Alexandria as a neighboring father town. Today's Google Doodle celebrates Hassan Fathy, an Egyptian architect known for pioneering new methods, respecting tradition, and valuing all walks of life. Moreover, since they had few facilities for the training of architects in the colonial era, there was hardly architectural evolution worthy to see. Nuridin Durkee, an American Muslim Scholar and Sahl Kabbani, a Saudi businessman, co-founded the project in 1979 with backing from the family of King Khalid ibn Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia. "Dar al-Islam community (New Mexico)". In tandem with his work coming to be known through exhibitions and writings, he came to be commissioned to plan not only private houses but also large housing quarters or towns. The Hamdi Seif AI-Nasr rest house is sited on a long thin peninsula of land projecting into Lake Fayum and was intended to be used during the landlord’s periodic visits to his estate there. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Encyclopedia of Muslim-American history. This house, and several others that followed it in the same area, were built in local limestone because of a governmental ban on the use of mud-brick following the construction of the high dam, as well as unsatisfactory test results for the structural strength of the soil in this area, first confirmed in the Fouad Riad project. ISBN 9781438130408. All these qualities distinguish him from the traditional notion of a modern architect. He used his knowledge of mathematics and music investing them in simple domestic constructions with the dignity of harmonic proportions. This mosque filled a role as a model of new district mosques in Africa and the Middle East. Construction was once again overseen by the client rather than the architect, more specifically by Mahmood Fahmy, who saw to its timely completion. In order to personalize her apartment on the sixth floor of a building designed by another architect, Shahira Mehrez asked Fathy to try to work within the existing framework to create a more varied and individual series of spaces for her. Hassan Fathy (Alexandria 1900 – Cairo 1989) was Egypt's most important architect of the 20th century. An indispensable architect in the history of modern Islamic architecture is the Egyptian Hassan Fathy (1900 -89). Fathy worked to create an indigenous environment at a minimal cost, and in so doing to improve the economy and the standard of living in rural areas. Loin d’être passéiste ou nostalgique, l’architecture de Hassan Fathy s’avère fonctionnelle, économique, intégrée, non polluante. Il souhaitait utiliser les techniques anciennes dans son pays et plaidait pour l'utilisation des briques de terre. In the house designed for himself in Egypt, the use of typologies and traditional forms is combined with influences from other cultures, transforming them in his style. He was also a man of contradictions. However, in actual fact, he was a modern architect, only three years younger than Le Corbusier and a year elder than Louis Kahn. Intended as a rest house to be used on official trips to the isolated area around Lake Nasser in Nubia, the residence is actually made up of three separate buildings sequentially organized according to the status of each. This materialized as the low-cost village of New Gourna, planned for the movement of Gourna Village near the ancient ruins of Luxor by using the best possible cheap material such as sun-dried brick, suitable for its climate, that is, warmer in winter and cooler in summer to live in. Hassan Fathy, Egyptian Architect devoted himself to housing the poor in developing nations and deserves to be studied by anyone involved in rural improvement. No other project dominates this mature phase of the architect‘s work as much as the village of New Baris, in a way that is comparable to the notoriety of New Gourna twenty years before. Hassan fathy 1. This remote and forbidding wilderness outpost designed by him, which is almost in the geographical center of Egypt, was planned to initially house 250 families, of which more than half were intended to be farmers and the remainder to be service personnel. He proposed a plan to make new housing estates and towns by using this skill. The first phase, which was built in 1942, was simply a studio and sleeping space for the artist and his wife, incorporating a large vaulted loggia as an open exterior sitting area from which to appreciate the seemingly endless green palm grove surrounding the property. Its sole ornament-like factors are a Mashrabiyya (latticework at a window) at an opening facing the courtyard and four squinches under the main dome. The outside area, enclosed by arcades, is primarily given over to this function and balances well with the more private character of the interior. Bref, elle a toutes les qualités pour être perçue comme une architecture à venir capable de servir le temple, le palais, la demeure bourgeoise comme l’humble habitat du paysan pauvre. His previous experience with such a project, and particularly his ability to build it inexpensively, made Fathy the logical choice as the architect for New Baris. His literary work, gArchitecture for the Poorh, served as a eBiblef or eKoranf for young architects in not only Islamic countries but also all developing countries, though he was hardly known in Japanese architectural society. The Casaroni residence, or “Mit Rehan” [‘Pathway of the Basil’] as it has been called by its owners, is very near the Greiss house on the Shabramant Road and is one of the most elegant of Fathy’s residential works yet to be built. Il leur enseigne comment travailler avec les briques de boue, supervise la construction des bâtiments et encourage la reprise de techniques décoratives anciennes. In spite of his initial supposition that such a skill had long been completely lost, he found it had been handed down at Nubian villages in the Aswan regions. The village of New Gourna, which was partially built between 1945 and 1948, is possibly the most well known of all of Fathy’s projects because of the international popularity of his book, “Architecture for the Poor“, published nearly twenty years after the experience and concentrating primarily on the ultimately tragic history of this single village. Hassan Fathy (1900-1989) was an Egyptian architect and engineer who has been credited with bringing the vernacular architecture of Egypt to a wider audience, and for putting neglected traditional building systems to work for the poor. He worked to create an indigenous environment at a minimal cost, and by doing so, to improve the economy and the standard of living in rural areas. The mosque at Gourna, Luxor, designed by Hassan Fathy [Marc Ryckaert] By the late 1930s Fathy’s work was showing an awareness of local architectural details, as … The emodern ruinsf of those sun-dried brick buildings abandoned in a wasteland display modern architecture composed in a right angle order with arches, domes, semicylindrical vaults and continuing geometric latticed windows; the evident tradition of Islamic architecture. Ouvert à l’Occident et sa culture, alors que tout le prédestinait à adhérer au mouvement moderne, Hassan Fathy va s’évertuer à valoriser un savoir faire qui aujourd’hui apparaît , à nos yeux occidentaux, magique. Green Prophet has railed against projects like Dubai Burj Tower. It is regrettable that construction was interrupted by the result of the third Middle East War. HASSAN FATHY est né avec le siècle dans une riche famille égyptienne. The construction of the house coincided with a climate of concern among Egypt’s intellectual community at that time about the detrimental effects of industrialization on the traditional cultures of the world and the need for a search for Egyptian origins in the face of the threat. p. 134. Introduction The master builder, Hassan Fathy (1900- 1989) was one of the first architects to break with modern architecture and to found a new approach based on a conception of interpreting forms and masses from the past. It can be said that what Fathy achieved was the resuscitation and modernization of the Islamic architectural tradition in a devastated land and confused civilization. The design of the house has noble sobriety and a human size and all the pieces have been designed according to a symphony of forms and ideas but also moods and materials. Hassan Fathy, an Egyptian architect saw the value of natural building long before it became a fad in the west. See more ideas about vernacular architecture, architecture, building design. His works constitute a patrimony of outstanding value which belongs to the cultural world heritage. Due to various obstacles only a fifth of the original plan was carried out, and because of low-cost construction it did not have an as long durability as architectural works in developed countries, but the mosque in the village is still now a masterpiece loved by local people. As architecture cannot develop without economic stability, those Islamic countries had to start with the war against poverty, while European and American developed countries were to reach full maturity of emodern architecturef. Hassan Fathy’s oeuvre can be understood as a continuous search to define an appropriate architecture with respect to the local context, one capable of expressing his arabité. He established a privatepractice in Cairo where he also worked as professor of Fine Arts andHead of the Architectural School, at the University of Cairo.• An Egyptian architect who devoted himself to … Hassan Fathy devoted himself to housing the poor in developing nations and deserves study by anyone involved in rural improvement. Pragmatism rather than identity-driven reactionary nostalgia is what drives the … Doué de talents multiples, il était trilingue, enseignant, ingénieur, architecte, musicien, dramaturge, inventeur. It is interesting that he planned in the housing area a Khan (crafts studios and offices), a Hammam (public bath house), a Bazaar (marketplace) and a craft school, even an open-air theater with a built-in stage, among courtyard-type houses with thick mud-brick walls. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Hassan Fathy: The Architect of the Poor Hassan Fathy has a great talent for designing buildings with low construction costs so that the poor can build and erect them. © 2019 Rethinking Internet Media Pvt Ltd. All registered. In this article, we take you through a selection of 15 of the most significant projects of Hassan Fathy, Egypt’s best-known architect since Imhotep, and winner of both the Aga Khan Chairman’s Award for Architecture and the Alternative Noble Prize in 1980. The design as documented represents an ambitious first interpretation of the client’s requirements, resulting in a solution that is quite large in both plan and vertical section. We know You wrote in your book, Architecture for the Poor, that the peasants “needed decent houses, but houses are. Commande après commande, il s’est taillé auprès des … HASSAN FATHY ET LE MYTHE DE L’ARCHITECTE AUX PIEDS NUS GOUACHE RÉALISÉE EN 1942 PAR HASSAN FATHY POUR UN PROJET DE MAISON NON RÉALISÉ QUI COMBINE POUR LA PREMIÈRE FOIS SUR LA MÊME ÉLÉVATION UN DÔME, UN MOUCHARABIEH, UNE ENTRÉE POURVUE D’ARABESQUES ET UN « MAQA‘ D » OU LOGGAI . While the architect’s explanations offered in the book are extremely compelling and ultimately persuasive, New Gourna is still most significant for the questions it raises rather than the problems it tried to solve, and these questions still await a thorough, objective analysis. As I have argued before, the principles of Islamic architcture are quite similar to those of modern architecture, and this mosque is also a naked piece of structural expressionist modern architecture, arranging serial small domes using materials honestly. We have pounded our chests at the audacity of Masdar City’s “zero” footprint claim, and we have decried the potential consequences of unsustainable approaches to […] Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect, artist, and poet who had a tremendous impact on generations of architects and planners. INTRODUCTION• Hassan Fathy was born in Egypt in 1899. Raised on a man-made podium to protect it from flooding, the house plan revolves around the interplay between an arcaded square exterior courtyard and the high formal vertical dome to which it is connected by a deep window and malkaf above. He came from a wealthy background and had … Hassan Fathy, Egyptian Architect devoted himself to housing the poor in developing nations and deserves to be studied by anyone involved in rural improvement. 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Rather than using the familiar dome over the majlis here, the architect felt that an octagonal shukshieka would be more regionally appropriate, and the use of this particular element carries over into a larger house designed in Tabuk soon afterward. For the town planning of New Gourna too, Hassan Fathy did not imitate European methods but strived to make the most of traditional ways and techniques in the Islamic world. The term Islamic architecture in the present age indicates only religious buildings and those which are designed under the strong consciousness of Islamic tradition. Partly because of the lack of timber due to World War II, he continued to build vernacular architecture by using sun-dried brick throughout his life. Dearest Hassan Fathy,. The Hamid Said house in the al-Marg neighborhood of Cairo represents an important project among all Fathy’s projects because it is the first documented application of mud-brick construction, and is still standing. The Takhtabush and courtyard area of the house with wooden pergola, recall the latticework notably used in the Moastirli residence in 1950 also by him. In the 1960s, Fathy planned a community for agricultural development, New Bariz, in a desert near Kharga Oasis, middle Egypt. Hassan Fathy était un architecte égyptien. Né dans une riche famille de propriétaires fonciers vivant alternativement au Caire et à Alexandrie, l'architecte égyptien Hassan Fathy s'est imposé comme le champion de l'« autoconstruction », ce mouvement de la fin des années 1960 qui s'appliqua à valoriser les « architectures sans architectes », le retour aux traditions vernaculaires, la participation des populations pauvres à l'édification de leurs maisons. He invited the workers to Cairo to build sun-dried brick houses. However, in the wake of the fact that those desert climate lands, which had long been disadvantageous to live in, could produce oil, they rapidly became rich countries and came to invite Western architects to drive the development of architecture and city planning. It was in the middle of the 20th century that Islamic countries in Asia and Africa became independent from European colonial rule. In 1997, Steele published his main monograph An Architecture for People: the Complete Works of Hassan Fathy, that led to researches on Fathy’s work and other Third World architects like the Jordanian Rasem Badran, who tried to establish the concept of the new traditionalists. However, when one looks at the photographs of his works, they do not look like modern architecture but traditional, moreover vernacular, buildings. Son projet le … Hassan Fathy, born in 1900 in Alexandria, Egypt, was an Egyptian architect, artist, and poet who had a lifelong commitment to architecture in the Muslim world. In his lifetime he designed more than thirty projects including several villages for … Hassan Fathy is the Middle East’s father of sustainable architecture - Green Prophet Hassan Fathy, an Egyptian architect saw the value of natural building long before it became a fad in the west. Green Prophet has railed against projects like Dubai Burj Tower. Driven by curiosity and passionate about the multitude of scales in architecture, his approach is to freely experiment with the design possibilities in order to figure the perfect correlation involving all the parameters. The plan for a ceramics factory while deceptively “low-tech” in appearance, represents an extremely logical and efficient production diagram for the manufacture of pottery. In those cases, western modern architecture was apt to predominate, seldom considering the traditions of the regions, so we cannot call new buildings in countries where more than half population is Muslim, Islamic buildings a priori. When Hassan Fathy was practicing in Egypt there were a lot of constraints with which he had to work with. Hassan Fathy (1900-1989) is arguably the most widely known and influential Egyptian architect of the 20th century. Firstly he was building for people from lower and upper class. While Hassan Fathy’s “architecture for the poor” is exhibited in the posh district of Zamalek, the poor have been building in what is closer to Le Corbusier’s domino house than Fathy’s mud brick domed village houses. professeure. After graduation in 1926 he was shocked by the very poor state of village people, but he did not feel at all that it was suitable either economically or aesthetically to improve it with European modern architecture using iron and concrete. After graduation in 1926 he was shocked by the very poor state of village people, but he did not feel at all that it was suitable either economically or aesthetically to improve it with European modern architecture using iron and concrete. 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